Table 3. Control group differences in outcome at 3 and 6 months, n=32 a.
| Measurement time (months) |
Mean value |
Within-group difference |
P-value |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 3 | 6 | 0 –3 | 0–6 | 0–3 | 0–6 | |
| Clinical measures | |||||||
| Weight (kg) | 96.9 (7.4) | 95.3 (7.7) | 94.1 (7) | −1.2 (1.7) | −1.6 (2.1) | 0.16 | 0.13 |
| BMI (kg m−2) | 34.2 (2.3) | 33.5 (2.4) | 33.2 (2.2) | −0.4 (0.6) | −0.5 (0.8) | 0.2 | 0.18 |
| Cholesterol (mmol l−1) | 5.5 (0.6) | 5.3 (0.8) | 5.2 (0.7) | −0.3 (0.2)* | −0.3 (0.4) | 0.02 | 0.15 |
| Triglycerides | 1.4 (0.3) | 1.3 (0.5) | 1.5 (0.5) | 0 (0.2) | 0.1 (0.3) | 0.88 | 0.43 |
| LDL | 3.5 (0.5) | 3.1 (0.7) | 3.1 (0.6) | −0.5 (0.4)** | −0.4 (0.3)* | <0.01 | 0.02 |
| HDL | 1.4 (0.2) | 1.5 (0.3) | 1.5 (0.2) | 0.1 (0.1) | 0.1 (0.1) | 0.07 | 0.11 |
| Total:HDL (ratio) | 4.2 (0.5) | 4.1 (1) | 4.2 (0.8) | −0.3 (0.4) | −0.2 (0.4) | 0.13 | 0.21 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 110 (5) | 110 (5) | 110 (5) | −1 (2) | 0 (3) | 0.37 | 0.96 |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 132 (7) | 131 (6) | 127 (7) | −1 (7) | −4 (7) | 0.7 | 0.21 |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 78 (3) | 81 (3) | 78 (3) | 2 (3) | 0 (3) | 0.13 | 0.99 |
| HbA1c (mmol mol−1) | 37 (2) | 39 (3) | 39 (3) | 2 (1)* | 2 (1)** | 0.01 | <0.01 |
| Creatinine (μmol l−1) | 75 (4) | 73 (6) | 72 (6) | −1 (3) | −2 (4) | 0.35 | 0.32 |
| CVD RA (% 5-year risk) | 12.2 (1.9) | 12 (2.4) | 12.2 (2.1) | 0.1 (0.3) | 0.2 (0.4) | 0.42 | 0.38 |
| Questionnaires | |||||||
| SF-36 Physical component summary | 49 (3) | 50 (4) | 52 (3) | 0 (3) | 3 (2)* | 0.77 | 0.03 |
| SF-36 Mental component summary | 54 (3) | 55 (4) | 53 (3) | 0 (4) | −2 (3) | 0.97 | 0.33 |
| Dietary indiscretions | 22 (4) | 19 (3) | 18 (4) | −3 (4) | −4 (3)* | 0.1 | 0.01 |
| Exercise | 47 (23) | 39 (16) | 36 (24) | −1 (26) | −9 (17) | 0.93 | 0.26 |
| Food enjoyment | 13 (1) | 13 (1) | 13 (1) | 0 (1) | 0 (1) | 0.25 | 0.62 |
| Food cost | 22 (3) | 24 (5) | 19 (5) | 1 (6) | −5 (5)* | 0.84 | 0.03 |
| General self-efficacy | 32 (2) | 31 (3) | 30 (3) | −1 (2) | −1 (2) | 0.25 | 0.19 |
| Nutritional self-efficacy | 16 (1) | 14 (1) | 14 (1) | −2 (1)*** | −2 (1)* | <0.001 | 0.01 |
| Self-esteem | 2.3 (0.3) | 2.3 (0.3) | 2.5 (0.4) | 0.2 (0.3) | 0.3 (0.3)* | 0.16 | 0.04 |
Abbreviations: HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
a
Values are presented as means (95% CI). Paired, two-tailed t-tests were performed for within-group comparisons; ****P<0.0001, ***P<0.001, **P<0.01, *P<0.05.