Table 3.
Clinical characteristics and basic lipid profiles of the women with gestational diseases in the cross-sectional study group
| CTRL | PE | IUGR | ICP | HELLP | P-value | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean or % | Lower 95% CI | Upper 95% CI | Mean or % | Lower 95% CI | Upper 95% CI | Mean or % | Lower 95% CI | Upper 95% CI | Mean or % | Lower 95% CI | Upper 95% CI | Mean or % | Lower 95% CI | Upper 95% CI | Group | |
| Maternal age (y) | 30.1 | 28.2 | 31.9 | 31.1 | 27.9 | 34.3 | 30.4 | 27.1 | 33.7 | 31.7 | 25.8 | 37.7 | 37.0 | 32.4 | 41.6 | 0,2272 |
| Maternal BMI (kg/m2) | 24.9 | 22.8 | 26.9 | 26.0 | 23.5 | 28.6 | 22.3 | 19.8 | 24.8 | 23.6 | 19.8 | 27.3 | 25.6 | 17.7 | 33.6 | 0,3151 |
| Primiparity (%) | 50 | 57 | 64 | 71 | 57 | 0,875 | ||||||||||
| Actual smoking status (%) | 19 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 0,2501 | ||||||||||
| Gestational age at blood collection (w) | 33.5 | 31.9 | 35.1 | 33.7 | 30.8 | 36.5 | 32.2 | 28.6 | 35.7 | 35.1 | 31.6 | 38.5 | 33.5 | 28.7 | 38.2 | 0,9601 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 117.5 | 113.8 | 121.3 | 149.3 | 144.2 | 154.4 | 119.6 | 107.7 | 131.5 | 120.1 | 109.4 | 130.9 | 154.1 | 133.2 | 175.1 | <0.0001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 67.2 | 64.4 | 70.0 | 93.8 | 90.4 | 97.2 | 68.6 | 60.7 | 76.4 | 71.0 | 64.1 | 77.9 | 91.3 | 83.7 | 98.8 | <0,0001 |
| WOG at delivery (w) | 39.4 | 39.0 | 39.7 | 34.5 | 31.7 | 37.2 | 32.5 | 29.0 | 36.1 | 37.7 | 36.6 | 38.8 | 33.5 | 28.7 | 38.2 | <0,0001 |
| Mode of delivery (% c-section) | 40 | 86 | 86 | 43 | 100 | 0,0013 | ||||||||||
| Fetal gender (% female) | 57 | 43 | 57 | 100 | 71 | 0,2083 | ||||||||||
| Neonatal birth weight (g) | 3369 | 3255 | 3483 | 2181 | 1622 | 2741 | 1348 | 813 | 1882 | 3123 | 2715 | 3530 | 1985 | 1147 | 2823 | <0,0001 |
| Neonatal weight percentile | 47.3 | 39.6 | 55.0 | 27.9 | 16.8 | 39.1 | 2.1 | 1.4 | 2.9 | 54.2 | 28.0 | 80.4 | 24.6 | 5.3 | 43.9 | <0,0001 |
| TC | 267.7 | 252.0 | 283.4 | 260.7 | 224.2 | 297.2 | 223.9 | 202.8 | 244.9 | 317.7 | 241.3 | 394.1 | 222.9 | 189.5 | 256.2 | 0,0131 |
| LDL | 150.5 | 137.6 | 163.4 | 144.9 | 117.3 | 172.5 | 111.6 | 94.01 | 129.3 | 206.0 | 141.7 | 270.3 | 111.6 | 84.04 | 139.1 | 0,0015 |
| HDL | 76.88 | 70.76 | 83.00 | 65.14 | 51.84 | 78.44 | 78.00 | 66.95 | 89.05 | 56.86 | 52.71 | 61.01 | 70.29 | 43.23 | 97.34 | 0.0356 |
| TG | 222.2 | 197.6 | 246.8 | 317.1 | 245.6 | 388.5 | 174.2 | 137.4 | 211.0 | 261.9 | 212.5 | 311.2 | 293.3 | 124.5 | 462.1 | 0,0121 |
Mean maternal age was similar in CTRL, PE, IUGR, and ICP, while mothers with HELLP tended to be older. About 20% of mothers in the IUGR group and in the CTRL group smoked during pregnancy while none of the patients in the other groups smoked. Mothers with pregnancy pathologies gave birth earlier compared to the CTRL group as indicated by the non-overlap of the 95% CIs. In the ICP group mothers were more likely to deliver girls. Mean gestational ages of the study groups at blood sampling were kept similar to the CTRL counterparts. As estimated by non-overlap of 95% CI TC and LDL levels were lower in IUGR by 17% and 25%, respectively, as compared to the CTRL group. A similar trend can be observed in the HELLP syndrome. In ICP HDL levels are 25% lower while LDL tended to be 37% higher as compared to CTRL. We found a tendency of higher TG values (+43%) in the PE group in comparison to CTRL. CTRL: control group. PE: preeclampsia. IUGR: intrauterine growth restriction. ICP: intrahepatic cholestasis in pregnancy. HELLP: hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets syndrome