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. 2017 Apr 4;48:17. doi: 10.1186/s13567-017-0422-9

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Histopathological examination and proinflammatory cytokine determination. A Histological examinations of spleen and kidney at 12 wpi from mice infected with mutant strain ∆22915 and wild-type strain S2308. Non-infected spleens and kidneys were used as normal controls. Strain ∆22915 caused no observable pathological damage in spleens or kidneys. Arrows indicate normal boundaries between red and white pulps in ∆22915-infected spleen, which was similar with uninfected spleen, however, no clear boundary was shown in strain S2308 infected spleen due to tissue damage. Kidney lesions caused by strain S2308 infection are circled. Bars represent 200 μm. B Determination of TNF-α in peripheral blood. TNF-α induction by ∆22915 was significantly lower than by S2308, but higher than by no infection. C Determination of IL-12p40 in peripheral blood. IL-12p40 induction by ∆22915 was significantly lower than by S2308 but higher than by no infection. Data were expressed as mean ± SD (n = 5) and analyzed with two-way ANOVA. ***P < 0.001.