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. 2017 Apr 4;17:85. doi: 10.1186/s12866-017-0998-2

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© The Author(s). 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 4 — Correlative trends between effluent quality of the trickling nitrification biofilm reactor and the abundance ratio of predominant AOB and NOB. Concentrations of ammonium (NH₄ ⁺), nitrite (NO₂ ⁻), nitrate (NO₃ ⁻) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the effluent stream of the trickling nitrification biofilm reactor column throughout the different operational phases (a). The ratio of Nse1472-, Nso190- and Nsv443-targeted AOB against Ntspa712-targeted NOB, obtained using HOPE (b). The ratio of Nitrosospira and Nitrosomonas against Nitrospira, obtained using amplicon sequencing (c)