Table 1. Characteristics of patients with aSAH in the six RCTs.
| Study ID | Design | Category of statins | Number of patients (S/P) | Patients age (years) | Female | Hunt- Hess or WFNS grade > IV | Fisher scale > IV | Clipping for aSAH | Dose of statins | Initial time and duration of statins treatment | Definiton of vasospasm | Definiton of DIND | Outcome evaluation | Definiton of potential side effects |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lynch 2005 | RCT | simvastatin | 19/20 | 56 ± 15 | 85%(33/39) | — | 5%(2/39) | 44%(17/39) | 80mg/d | within 48h/14 days | TCD VMCA > 160 cm/sec | clinical manifestation and TCD VMCA > 160 cm/sec or angiography | — | ALT/AST or CK/CPK > 3-fold times the normal (>180 U/L,>1000 U/L respectively) |
| Chou 2008 | RCT | simvastatin | 19/20 | 53 ± 13 | 74%(29/39) | 23%(9/39) | — | 85%(33/39) | 80mg/d | within 96h/21 days | TCD VMCA(peak systolic velocity) > 200 cm/sec and a Lindegaard ratio > 3 or angiography | unaccountable new focal neurological deficit lasting ≥2 hours or GCS↓≥2 points | MRS at discharge | ALT/AST or CPK > 3-fold times the normal (>180 U/L,>1000 U/L respectively) |
| Macedo 2009 | RCT (no blind) | simvastatin | 11/10 | — | — | — | 38%(8/21) | — | 80mg/d | within 72h/21 days | cerebral arteriography examination | Changes in clinical status and CT scan or angiography | GOS at discharge | ALT/AST > 3-fold times the normal (>180 U/L) or creatinine ≥2.5 or total CK ≥1000 U/l |
| Vergouwen 2009 | RCT | simvastatin | 16/16 | 54 ± 11 | 63%(20/32) | 25% (8/32) | — | 22%(7/32) | 80mg/d | within 72h/14 days | TCD VMCA/ACA ≥120 cm/sec | Focal cerebral deficit OR GCS↓≥2 points | GOS at 6 month | ALT/AST > 3-fold times the normal (>180 U/L) |
| Grag 2013 | RCT | simvastatin | 19/19 | 49 ± 9 | 45%(17/38) | 3% (1/38) | 0%(0/38) | 100%(38/38) | 80mg/d | within 96h/14 days | TCD VMCA > 160 cm/sec or angiography | New ischemic neurologic deficits in first two weeks after the ictus(not attributable to be due to hydrocephalus, clip-induced infarct, metabolic derangement, infection or rebleed) | GOS, MRS and MBI at 6 month | ALT/AST or CPK > 3-fold times the normal (>180 U/L,>1000 U/L respectively) |
| Tseng 2005 | RCT | pravastatin | 40/40 | 53 ± 12 | 55%(44/80) | 33% (26/80) | — | 65%(52/80) | 40mg/d | Within 72h/14 days | TCD VMCA > 120 cm/sec with Lindegaard ratio > 3 | focal neurological deficits or GCS↓≥2 points | MRS at discharge | — |
aSAH: aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage; RCTs: randomized controlled trials; TCD: transcranial doppler; MCA: middle cerebral artery; ACA: anterior cerebral artery; DIND: delayed ischemic neurological deficit; GCS: glasgow coma scale; MRS: modified rankin scale; GOS: glasgow outcome scale; MBI: modified barthel index; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; CK: creatine kinase; CPK: creatine phosphokinase