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. 2017 Apr 5;7:45897. doi: 10.1038/srep45897

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Copyright © 2017, The Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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(a) Schematic of the rectifying funnel apertures and optical microscopy image of a micro-trap, scale bar 50 μm. Red dots: bacteria emphasized from a frame of the Supplementary Video 1. (b) Computer aided design 3D model of a micro-trap rendered in semi-transparent material, similar to the one used in the experiments, cut vertically into two halves to show the internal funnel structures. The inner volume of the structures calculated from this model is 1.72 nL. (c) SEM picture of a micro-trap. Scale bar, 80 μm. (d) 3D micro-traps on glass before detachment. Top panel: SEM image; lower panel: optical image. Scale bars, respectively, 500 μm and 5 mm. (e) Suspension of micro-traps in water. Scale bar, 1 cm.