Table 4. Association between obesity and depressive symptomsa.
| WHO criteria | Asian criteria | Chinese criteria | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI)c | OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI)c | OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI)c | |
| Male | ||||||
| Normal | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| Underweight | 1.677 (1.289 ~ 2.181)** | 1.496 (1.126 ~ 1.988)** | 1.591 (1.216 ~ 2.080)** | 1.452 (1.087 ~ 1.939)* | 1.627 (1.248 ~ 2.120)*** | 1.465 (1.101 ~ 1.951)** |
| Overweight | 0.839 (0.712 ~ 0.988)* | 0.892 (0.746 ~ 1.067) | 0.841 (0.696 ~ 1.015) | 0.901 (0.737 ~ 1.102) | 0.818 (0.696 ~ 0.961)* | 0.881 (0.739 ~ 1.050) |
| Obese | 0.669 (0.444 ~ 1.008) | 0.675 (0.37 ~ 1.044) | 0.775 (0.656 ~ 0.916)** | 0.835 (0.694 ~ 1.005) | 0.736 (0.574 ~ 0.944)* | 0.742 (0.567 ~ 0.971)* |
| Test for trendb | 0.768 (0.685 ~ 0.860)*** | 0.813 (0.718 ~ 0.921)** | 0.839 (0.780 ~ 0.902)*** | 0.878 (0.810 ~ 0.953)** | 0.795 (0.724 ~ 0.874)*** | 0.831 (0.749 ~ 0.921)*** |
| Female | ||||||
| Normal | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| Underweight | 1.724 (1.330 ~ 2.235)*** | 1.591 (1.201 ~ 2.107)** | 1.587 (1.216 ~ 2.070)** | 1.478 (1.109 ~ 1.971)** | 1.689 (1.300 ~ 2.196)*** | 1.567 (1.180 ~ 2.081)** |
| Overweight | 0.920 (0.811 ~ 1.042) | 0.910 (0.795 ~ 1.042) | 0.807 (0.689 ~ 0.945)** | 0.823 (0.695 ~ 0.974)* | 0.917 (0.807 ~ 1.043) | 0.935 (0.815 ~ 1.074) |
| Obese | 0.798 (0.635 ~ 1.003) | 0.717 (0.561 ~ 0.917)** | 0.823 (0.722 ~ 0.940)** | 0.806 (0.698 ~ 0.930)** | 0.808 (0.682 ~ 0.957)* | 0.734 (0.611 ~ 0.882)** |
| Test for trendb | 0.847 (0.780 ~ 0.919)*** | 0.834 (0.763 ~ 0.912)*** | 0.872 (0.822 ~ 0.924)*** | 0.871 (0.817 ~ 0.929)*** | 0.856 (0.797 ~ 0.919)*** | 0.841 (0.779 ~ 0.909)*** |
aDepressive symptoms were measured using the ten-question version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale (CES-D 10) with a cut-off score of 10.
bTests for trend were conducted using a regression model, treating BMI as continuous variable.
cAdjusted for age, educational level, marital status, community type, geographic location, chronic conditions, smoking, drinking, and ADL/IADL status.
*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. OR: odd ratio; CI: confidence interval.