Figure 4.

The scheme proposed by Kravitz et al. (2011) for three networks of the dorsal stream with distinct functional roles, shown as three horizontal bands separated by dashed horizontals. The scheme has been drawn to allow direct comparison with the visuo-motor modules suggested in Figure 3. In Kravitz's scheme, the modules for manual actions come within the “parieto-premotor circuit” (a, middle strip of the figure) subserving action control, and those for oculomotor actions within the “parieto-prefrontal circuit” (b, lower strip) involved in spatial memory and attentional control. The third “parieto-medial temporal” pathway (c) involves interaction with the ventral stream in the parahippocampal cortex and hippocampus and is proposed to be involved in spatial navigation. However this diagram is not intended as a comprehensive chart of the connections of the areas shown—for example it omits connections with the superior temporal sulcus where motion information interacts with the ventral stream in biological motion—a function not discussed in this review. Abbreviations as for Figure 3. Additional abbreviation: EF = executive functions.