Table 1. IEAP materials.
| Membrane | Electrodes | Electrolyte | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | GEFC | Pd+Pt | Water+Li+ | 22,23 |
| B | PVdF-HFP | SWCNT | EMIBF4 | 24,25 |
| C | Nafion® | nanoporous carbon+Au | EMITF | 26 |
| D | PVdF-HFP | nanoporous carbon | EMIBF4 | 27 |
| E | PEO/NBR IPN | PEDOT | EMITFSI | 28 |
| F | PVdF | Ppy +Au | PC+ LiTFSI | 29 |
| G | PVdF | Ppy | PC+ LiTFSI | 30 |
Acronyms: EMIBF4: 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate; EMITF: 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate; EMITFSI: ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide; GEFC: perfluorinated sulfonic acid ionomer of GEFC Co., Ltd; LiTFSI: lithium bis(trifluoromethane)-sulfonimide; Nafion®: perfluorinated anionic polymer of DuPont; PC: propylene carbonate; PEDOT: poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene); PEO/NBR IPN: polyethylene oxide/nitrile butadiene rubber interpenatrating polymer network; Ppy: polypyrrole; PVdF: poly-1,1-difluoroethene, polyvinylidene fluoride; PVdF-HFP: poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropene); SWCNT: single-walled carbon nanotubes.