Table 4.

Withdrawal symptoms, urge to use e-cigarettes and affect before and after 90 minutes of ad libitum access to electronic cigarettes

Scale	Pre	Post	p-value
MNWS (0, none; 4, severe)
Angry, irritable, frustrated	1.2 (1.3)	0.1 (0.3)	.012
Anxious, nervous	0.8 (1.0)	0.5 (0.9)	.39
Depressed mood, sad	0.0 (0.0)	0.1 (0.3)	.34
Desire or craving to smoke	2.4 (1.1)	0.6 (0.8)	<.001
Difficulty concentrating	1.1 (1.3)	0.2 (0.4)	.021
Increased appetite, hungry	1.2 (1.5)	0.3 (0.6)	.03
Restless	1.5 (1.3)	0.7 (0.6)	.04
Impatient	1.4 (1.4)	0.8 (0.1)	.14
Dizziness	0.1 (0.3)	0.2 (0.8)	.34
Increased coughing	0.1 (0.3)	0.1 (0.3)	1
Nausea	0.0 (0.0)	0.1 (0.3)	.34
Sorethroat	0.1 (0.3)	0.2 (0.4)	.34
MNWS total score (of 48)	9.8 (7.4)	3.7 (0.2)	.014
QSU (0, strongly disagree; 7, strongly agree)
Desire for e-cigarette now	5.6 (1.4)	2.2 (1.0)	< .001
Nothing better than to vape now	4.3 (1.5)	1.8 (1.0)	< .001
Would vape if possible	5.5 (1.8)	2.4 (1.8)	< .001
Would control thing better	3.2 (2.0)	1.7 (1.2)	.013
All I want is an e-cigarette	4.1 (2.2)	1.5 (1.1)	.001
Urge for e-cigarette	5.7 (1.8)	2.3 (1.6)	< .001
An e-cigarette would taste good	5.4 (1.9)	2.7 (1.6)	< .001
Would do anything for an e-cigarette	3.4 (1.8)	1.6 (1.4)	.006
Vaping would make me less depressed	2.1 (1.3)	1.3 (1.1)	.054
Will vape as soon as possible	5.3 (1.9)	2.0 (1.4)	< .001
QSU total score (of 7)	4.4 (1.4)	2.0 (1.1)	< .001
PANAS
PANAS positive affect score (of 50)	23.2 (7.6)	26.8 (10.0)	.09
PANAS negative affect score (of 50)	13.3 (3.9)	10.5 (10.8)	.026

Notes: Presented as mean (SD); MNWS, Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale; QSU, Questionnaire of Smoking Urges; PANAS, Positive and Negative Affect Scale