Table 3.
Sensitivity analyses for the 5-LOX and 12/15-LOX pathways in association with in utero PM2.5 exposure.
| Analysis | Trimester 1 PM2.5 | Trimester 2 PM2.5 | Trimester 3 PM2.5 | Entire pregnancy PM2.5 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (95% CI) | p‑Value | β (95% CI) | p‑Value | β (95% CI) | p‑Value | β (95% CI) | p‑Value | |
| 5-LOX | ||||||||
| Main model | 0.05 (–0.25, 0.35) | 0.73 | 0.29 (0.07, 0.52) | 0.01 | 0.13 (–0.18, 0.45) | 0.41 | 0.64 (0.16, 1.12) | 0.01 |
| Apparent temperature adjusted | 0.02 (–0.40, 0.44) | 0.93 | 0.28 (0.01, 0.55) | 0.04 | 0.12 (–0.26, 0.50) | 0.53 | 0.67 (0.14, 1.19) | 0.01 |
| NO2 adjusted | –0.12 (–0.62, 0.37) | 0.62 | 0.32 (–0.02, 0.67) | 0.06 | 0.30 (–0.12, 0.72) | 0.16 | 0.70 (0.06, 1.33) | 0.03 |
| Single-trimester PM2.5 | –0.01 (–0.23, 0.21) | 0.94 | 0.30 (0.08, 0.52) | 0.008 | 0.11 (–0.12, 0.34) | 0.35 | NA | NA |
| Boys (n = 108) | –0.06 (–0.47, 0.35) | 0.78 | 0.34 (0.03, 0.65) | 0.03 | 0.12 (–0.29, 0.53) | 0.57 | 0.65 (0.00, 1.30) | 0.05 |
| Girls (n = 89) | 0.38 (–0.18, 0.93) | 0.18 | 0.31 (–0.06, 0.68) | 0.10 | 0.31 (–0.25, 0.88) | 0.28 | 0.98 (0.21, 1.75) | 0.01 |
| Not adjusted for gestational age | 0.06 (–0.24, 0.35) | 0.71 | 0.29 (0.07, 0.51) | 0.01 | 0.14 (–0.17, 0.44) | 0.38 | 0.63 (0.16, 1.11) | 0.009 |
| Excluding pregnancy complications and C‑sections (n = 174) | 0.09 (–0.23, 0.41) | 0.58 | 0.27 (0.04, 0.50) | 0.02 | 0.18 (–0.14, 0.51) | 0.27 | 0.66 (0.17, 1.15) | 0.009 |
| Excluding TriHOMEs and LTB4a | 0.04 (–0.24, 0.31) | 0.80 | 0.26 (0.06, 0.47) | 0.01 | 0.03 (–0.26, 0.31) | 0.86 | 0.52 (0.08, 0.95) | 0.02 |
| 12/15-LOX | ||||||||
| Main model | –0.14 (–0.60, 0.32) | 0.55 | 0.50 (0.15, 0.84) | 0.005 | –0.23 (–0.71, 0.24) | 0.34 | 0.70 (–0.04, 1.44) | 0.06 |
| Apparent temperature adjusted | –0.34 (–0.98, 0.30) | 0.30 | 0.38 (–0.03, 0.78) | 0.07 | –0.03 (–0.60, 0.55) | 0.92 | 0.64 (–0.16, 1.44) | 0.12 |
| NO2 adjusted | –0.44 (–1.19, 0.31) | 0.25 | 0.56 (0.04, 1.08) | 0.03 | –0.19 (–0.83, 0.46) | 0.57 | 0.83 (–0.15, 1.82) | 0.10 |
| Single-trimester PM2.5 | 0.05 (–0.29, 0.39) | 0.77 | 0.47 (0.13, 0.81) | 0.007 | –0.11 (–0.46, 0.25) | 0.56 | NA | NA |
| Boys (n = 108) | –0.24 (–0.91, 0.42) | 0.47 | 0.56 (0.06, 1.06) | 0.03 | –0.08 (–0.76, 0.59) | 0.81 | 0.78 (–0.27, 1.84) | 0.14 |
| Girls (n = 89) | –0.03 (–0.79, 0.73) | 0.93 | 0.52 (0.01, 1.03) | 0.04 | –0.40 (–1.17, 0.37) | 0.31 | 0.91 (–0.18, 1.99) | 0.10 |
| Not adjusted for gestational age | –0.08 (–0.54, 0.37) | 0.72 | 0.48 (0.13, 0.82) | 0.007 | –0.17 (–0.65, 0.30) | 0.47 | 0.73 (0.00, 1.47) | 0.05 |
| Excluding pregnancy complications and C‑sections (n = 174) | –0.08 (–0.59, 0.42) | 0.74 | 0.46 (0.10, 0.82) | 0.01 | –0.12 (–0.62, 0.39) | 0.65 | 0.74 (–0.02, 1.51) | 0.06 |
| Excluding 12-oxoETEb | –0.14 (–0.59, 0.32) | 0.56 | 0.48 (0.14, 0.82) | 0.007 | –0.23 (–0.71, 0.24) | 0.34 | 0.67 (–0.07, 1.40) | 0.08 |
| Beta-coefficients are presented for each 5-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5. Unless otherwise indicated, all models were adjusted for gestational age, pregestational BMI, maternal age, maternal smoking status, maternal education, newborn gender, cord blood total cholesterol and HDL levels, batch, and sample storage time. aExclusion of unstable 9,10,13-TriHOME and 9,12,13-TriHOME due to storage time dependency and LTB4 due to 72% of the samples under the limit of detection (LOD). bExclusion of 12-oxoETE because 44% of the samples were below the LOD. | ||||||||