Table 5.

Selected exposure–response models for pesticides and allergic and non-allergic wheeze among 22,134 male farmers in the Agricultural Health Study (2005–2010).

Chemical	Days/year used	Controls (n = 16,885)	Allergic wheeze (n = 1,310)		Non-allergic wheeze (n = 3,939)
		Current users %	Current users %	OR (95% CI)	Current users %	OR (95% CI)
Herbicides
2,4-D	Never	17	15	1.00	16	1.00
	Past	40	39	1.23 (1.03, 1.48)	37	0.96 (0.86, 1.07)
	1–3	16	16	1.34 (1.06, 1.71)	17	1.10 (0.96, 1.27)
	4–7	13	13	1.41 (1.10, 1.81)	14	1.11 (0.96, 1.29)
	8–10	6	6	1.35 (0.99, 1.82)	7	1.07 (0.90, 1.28)
	11–15	3	4	1.84 (1.30, 2.60)	3	1.08 (0.87, 1.35)
	16–365	4	6	1.87 (1.38, 2.55)	6	1.29 (1.07, 1.55)
Atrazine	Never	23	22	1.00	19	1.00
	Past	50	50	1.29 (1.10, 1.52)	48	1.15 (1.04, 1.27)
	1–4	10	9	1.20 (0.94, 1.54)	12	1.41 (1.23, 1.63)
	5–7	8	9	1.47 (1.13, 1.90)	9	1.35 (1.15, 1.58)
	8–10	5	5	1.40 (1.03, 1.91)	6	1.50 (1.26, 1.80)
	11–14	1	2	1.81 (1.11, 2.94)	2	1.72 (1.28, 2.31)
	15–122	3	3	1.20 (0.83, 1.74)	4	1.39 (1.12, 1.73)
Dicamba	Never	46	48	1.00	42	1.00
	Past	42	39	1.13 (0.97, 1.32)	44	1.11 (1.01, 1.21)
	1–2	3	3	1.09 (0.76, 1.56)	4	1.25 (1.02, 1.52)
	3–5	5	5	1.30 (0.97, 1.75)	6	1.22 (1.03, 1.45)
	6–7	1	1	1.20 (0.70, 2.06)	2	1.44 (1.08, 1.92)
	8–10	1	1	1.12 (0.66, 1.90)	2	1.42 (1.08, 1.87)
	11–110	1	2	2.00 (1.27, 3.16)	1	1.35 (0.99, 1.85)
Glyphosate	Never	11	8	1.00	9	1.00
	Past	33	30	1.13 (0.90, 1.43)	29	1.05 (0.92, 1.19)
	1–5	20	21	1.47 (1.11, 1.96)	22	1.23 (1.05, 1.44)
	6–11	16	17	1.57 (1.17, 2.10)	18	1.24 (1.05, 1.46)
	12–15	6	8	1.73 (1.24, 2.44)	8	1.34 (1.10, 1.63)
	16–25	7	8	1.62 (1.15, 2.28)	8	1.24 (1.02, 1.52)
	25–240	6	8	1.79 (1.26, 2.53)	7	1.23 (1.00, 1.51)
Insecticides
Carbaryl	Never	41	32	1.00	41	1.00
	Past	53	61	1.48 (1.29, 1.69)	54	1.08 (1.00, 1.16)
	1–2	2	2	1.45 (0.95, 2.20)	2	1.02 (0.78, 1.34)
	3–6	2	3	2.07 (1.43, 3.01)	2	1.12 (0.86, 1.47)
	7–10	1	1	1.24 (0.71, 2.17)	1	1.00 (0.69, 1.44)
	11–100	1	1	1.55 (0.87, 2.76)	1	0.76 (0.48, 1.20)
Chlorpyrifos	Never	54	51	1.00	53	1.00
	Past	37	39	1.13 (0.99, 1.28)	37	0.98 (0.91, 1.06)
	1–2	3	3	1.24 (0.87, 1.76)	3	1.05 (0.85, 1.31)
	3–5	3	4	1.12 (0.81, 1.55)	4	1.12 (0.93, 1.35)
	6–8	1	2	1.48 (0.90, 2.45)	1	0.92 (0.65, 1.31)
	9–10	1	1	1.17 (0.64, 2.12)	1	1.31 (0.94, 1.82)
	11–120	1	1	1.29 (0.72, 2.32)	1	1.07 (0.73, 1.55)
Cyfluthrin	Never	91	91	1.00	89	1.00
	Past	1	1	0.88 (0.51, 1.52)	2	1.19 (0.90, 1.58)
	1–3	3	3	0.99 (0.68, 1.43)	3	1.04 (0.84, 1.29)
	4–6	2	3	1.16 (0.80, 1.68)	3	1.13 (0.90, 1.41)
	7–9	1	1	0.96 (0.51, 1.82)	1	1.25 (0.90, 1.74)
	10–11	1	1	0.98 (0.50, 1.91)	1	1.42 (1.02, 1.98)
	12–200	1	1	0.79 (0.40, 1.54)	1	1.08 (0.76, 1.53)
Malathion	Never	26	22	1.00	24	1.00
	Past	63	67	1.39 (1.20, 1.61)	63	1.09 (1.00, 1.19)
	1	4	3	0.99 (0.70, 1.42)	5	1.19 (1.00, 1.43)
	2	2	4	1.93 (1.36, 2.75)	3	1.32 (1.06, 1.64)
	3–4	1	2	2.00 (1.30, 3.08)	2	1.34 (1.01, 1.77)
	5–7	1	2	1.85 (1.12, 3.04)	1	1.18 (0.85, 1.64)
	8–100	1	1	1.08 (0.60, 1.95)	2	1.57 (1.16, 2.12)
Permethrin	Never	73	69	1.00	70	1.00
	Past	22	24	1.19 (1.03, 1.38)	22	1.05 (0.96, 1.14)
	1–2	2	2	1.31 (0.88, 1.95)	3	1.19 (0.94, 1.50)
	3–6	2	3	1.42 (0.97, 2.09)	3	1.29 (1.02, 1.63)
	7–12	1	1	1.18 (0.67, 2.08)	1	1.52 (1.12, 2.08)
	13–365	1	1	1.79 (1.05, 3.04)	2	1.76 (1.30, 2.39)
Rodenticide
Warfarin	Never	97	96	1.00	96	1.00
	Past	1	2	1.53 (0.99, 2.38)	2	1.33 (1.02, 1.72)
	1–2	0	1	1.50 (0.75, 3.01)	1	1.06 (0.65, 1.71)
	3–6	1	1	1.40 (0.71, 2.74)	1	1.56 (1.07, 2.29)
	7–260	1	1	1.81 (0.92, 3.56)	1	1.07 (0.68, 1.71)
Note: All models adjusted for BMI, current asthma, age, smoking status, state, days applied pesticides, and days drove diesel tractors. Referent group never used that chemical. Categories are tertiles of the exposure distribution with the top tertile cut in half or thirds, depending on frequency of use of chemical in the past year. Some percentages do not sum to 100 due to rounding.