Table 1.

Spatial models used here to estimate particulate concentrations and rates of active travel.

Study	Dependent variable	Observations	Model output	Model adj R2
Hankey and Lindsey 2016a	Bicycle counts Pedestrian counts	957 (471 locations)	Bicycle and pedestrian traffic volumes	Bike: 0.46 Ped: 0.50
Hankey and Marshall 2015a	Concentrations of particulate matter	1,101 locations along mobile routes	Concentrations of particle number (PN), black carbon (BC), and PM2.5	PN: 0.48 BC: 0.42 PM2.5: 0.49
aModels are based on data collected in the autumn and during afternoon rush-hour 1600–1800 hours.