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Charge density and biofilm thickness on resins: (A) Quaternary amine surface charge density of cured bonding agent resin vs. DMAHDM mass fraction, and (B) biofilm thickness grown for two days on resin (mean ± sd; n = 6). Surface charge density significantly increased with increasing DMAHDM mass fraction. Biofilm thickness decreased with increasing DMAHDM mass fraction. In each plot, values with dissimilar letters are significantly different from each other (p < 0.05).
