Figure 3.

Metabolic Effects of Chronic Expression of γ1D316A in Mouse Hepatocytes

(A) Hepatocytes from transgenic mice were incubated in the presence or absence of 10 nM glucagon, and hepatic glucose output over 18 hr was measured and normalized to total cellular protein.

(B) Relative expression of gluconeogenic genes, glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK).

(C) De novo lipogenesis was measured in isolated hepatocytes by incorporation of ¹⁴C-acetate into lipids.

(D) Lipogenic gene expression plotted relative to expression in WT-Tg cells.

(E) Fatty acid oxidation was measured over 6 hr using ¹⁴C-palmitate in the presence or absence of 10 μM 991, 1 mM carnitine, or 0.1 mM etomoxir. In each case, results are from at least six independent experiments; ^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.01, ^∗∗∗p < 0.005, ^∗∗∗∗p < 0.001.