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. 2017 Apr 3;8:14899. doi: 10.1038/ncomms14899

Figure 5. Origin of the long-range repulsion.

Figure 5

(a) Density profiles of water and lipids in hydrated DGDG and PC lipid membranes at a large separation, Dw=2.3 nm. Vertical lines indicate the membrane surfaces at ±Dw/2. (b) Water orientation profiles 〈cos θw〉 at the same separation. Inset: Definition of the water dipole angle θw. (c) Distributions of DGDG and PC lipid headgroup orientations with respect to the membrane normal for large (Dw=2.3 nm, solid lines) and small (Dw=0.6 nm, dashed lines) separations. Inset: Definition of the headgroup vectors.