(a–e) Lung tissue and peritoneal cells from C57BL/6 J (a,c,d) and BALB/c (b,e) mice undergoing CLP and antibiotic treatment were harvested at the indicated time points. (a) mRNA expression of Cebpb (C/EBPβ), Arg1 (arginase-1), Mrc1 (MR) and Igf1 in the total lungs were determined by RT-qPCR at indicated times after CLP (n≥4 mice per group). (b) Lungs obtained from six mice, either naive or CLP (day 10 after CLP), were pooled from two independent samples and CD11b+ cells were isolated. mRNA expression of Arg1 (arginase-1), Mrc1 (MR), Rentla (encoding Fizz1) in isolated CD11b+ cells were determined by RT-qPCR. (c) IGF-1, CCL17 and CCL22 concentrations in the lungs were determined by ELISA at indicated times after CLP (n≥3 mice per group). (d) Representative FACS plots and frequency of peritoneal CD206+F4/80+ macrophages at indicated times after CLP (n≥3 mice per group). (e) Representative western blot of Arg1 (Arginase-1) expression in the peritoneal cells at day 10 after CLP (n=9 for naive group and n=5 for CLP group). ND, not detected. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001 (one-way ANOVA result with Dunnett posthoc tests in a,c, two-tailed unpaired Student's t-test in b,d). Data are from one (b) and representative of two (a,c–e) independent experiments (mean±s.e.m. in a–d).