Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies
| Reference | Study years | Location | Type of study | Type of infection | Causative pathogen(s) | Mortality assessed | Sample size(no.of tigecycline/control patients) | Concomitant antibiotics administeredin tigecycline group | Compatator | Tigecycline dose | Control regimen dose |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oliva et al. [22] | Na | Multicenter | Prospective, double-blind phase 3 | cIAI with bacteremia | Mix | Undetermined | 14/27 | None | Imipenem cilastatin | Initial dose of 100 mg, followed by 50 mg every 12 h | 500 mg followed by 500 mg per 6 h combined imipenem and cilastatin |
| McGovern et al. [11] | 2001–08 | USA | Comparative studies, phase 3 and 4 | Bacteremia | Mix | Overall | 162/163 | Na | Na | Na | Na |
| Daikos et al. [23] | 2009–10 | Greece | Retrospective | BSI | CP-Kp | At 28 days | 94/81 | Colistin aminoglycoside carbapenem | Colistin aminoglycoside carbapenem | For tigecycline the total daily dose was 100–200 mg administered in two divided dosages | 1 g imipenem and meropenem every 8 h, 5 mg/kg gentamicin and amikacin once daily |
| Jean et al. [8] | 2013 | Taiwan | Prospective | VAP with bacteremia | XDR-Ab | At 14 days | 28/56 | Ipipenem/cilasta | Sulbactam + imipenem/cilastatin | Na | Na |
| Florescu et al. [24] | 2003–05 | Multicenter | Double-blind, phase 3 | Bacteremia | MRSA VRE | At 12–37 days after the last dose | 14/20 | None | Vancomycin or linezolid | Initial dose of 100 mg, followed by 50 mg every 12 h | 1 g per 12 h followed by 600 mg per 12 h vancomycin plus linezolid |
| Sacchidanand et al. [25] | Na | Multicenter | Randomized, double-blind, phase 3 | cSSSI with bacteremia | XDR-Ab | Overall | 8/22 | None | Vancomycin plus aztreonam | Initial dose of 100 mg, followed by 50 mg every 12 h | 1 g per 12 h followed by 2 g per 12 h vancomycin plus aztreonam |
| Liou et al. [26] | 2007–13 | Taiwan | Retrospective | Secondary bacteremia | Acinetobacter | At 14 days | 17/65 | Ampicillin-sulbactam sulbactam levofloxacin ceftazidime | Na | Standard dose of tigecycline | Na |
| Cheng et al. [27] | 2010–13 | Taiwan | Prospective | Bacteremia | XDR-Ab | At discharge | 29/55 | Colistin | Colistin carbapenem | Initial dose of 100 mg, followed by 50 mg every 12 h | 2.5–5 mg/kg/d of colistin base divided over 8 or 12 h |
| Tanaseanu et al. [28] | 2003–05 | Multicenter | Randomized, double-blind, phase 3 | CAP with bacteremia | Streptococcus pneumoniae | At 7–23 days after the last dose | 22/40 | None | Levofloxacin | Initial dose of 100 mg, followed by 50 mg every 12 h | 500 mg every 24 h levofloxacin |
| Tumbarello et al. [29] | 2010–11 | Italy | Retrospective | BSI | KPC-Kp | At 30 days | 70/48 | Colistin gentamicin meropenem | Colistin gentamicin meropenem | Every 12 h (100–200 mg/day) | Every 8–12 h for a total daily dose of 6,000,000–9,000,000 IU colistin; 4–5 mg/kg every 24 h gentamicin; 2 g every 8 h meropenem |
| Zarkotou et al. [30] | 2008–10 | Greece | Observational | BSI | KPC-Kp | Overall | 22/13 | Colistin gentamicin carbapenem amikacin | Colistin gentamicin carbapenem | Na | Na |
| Bucaneve et al. [31] | 2008–10 | Multicenter | Prospective, open-label | Bacteremia | Mix | Overall | 86/94 | Piperacillin/tazobactam | Piperacillin/tazobactam | Initial dose of 100 mg, followed by 50 mg every 12 h | 4.5 g piperacillin/tazobactam every 8 h |
| Papadimitriou-Olivgeris et al. [32] | Na | Greece | Single-centre observational study | BSI | KPC-Kp | At 30 days | 27/9 | Colistin gentamicin | Colistin gentamicin | Na | Na |
| Gardiner et al. [19] | Na | Multicenter | Retrospective, randomized, 7 double-blind and 1 open-label, phase 3 | Bacteremia | Mix | Na | 91/79 | Na | Na | Na | Na |
| Breedt et al. [33] | 2002–03 | Multicenter | Randomized, double-blind, phase 3 | cSSSI with bacteremia | Mix | Overall | 15/10 | None | Vancomycin-aztreonam | Initial dose of 100 mg, followed by 50 mg every 12 h | 1 g vancomycin plus 2 g aztreonam per 12 h |
| Babinchak et al. [34] | 2002–04 | Multicenter | Randomized, double-blind, phase 3 | cIAI with bacteremia | Mix | Overall | 40/50 | None | Imipenem-cilastatin | Initial dose of 100 mg, followed by 50 mg every 12 h | 500 mg followed by 500 mg per 6 h combined imipenem and cilastatin |
| Ellis-Grosse et al. [35] | 2001–04 | Multicenter | Randomized, double-blind, phase 3 | cSSSI with bacteremia | Mix | Overall | 23/24 | None | Vancomycin-aztreonam | Initial dose of 100 mg, followed by 50 mg every 12 h | 1 g vancomycin plus 2 g aztreonam per 12 h |
| Fomin et al. [36] | Na | Multicenter | Double-blind, phase 3 | cIAI with bacteremia | Mix | Na | 26/23 | None | Imipenem-cilastatin | Initial dose of 100 mg, followed by 50 mg every 12 h | 500 mg followed by 500 mg per 6 h combined imipenem and cilastatin |
| Dartois et al. [37] | Na | Multicenter | Double-blind, phase 3 | CAP with bacteremia |
Mix | Overall | 32/31 | None | Levofloxacin | Initial dose of 100 mg, followed by 50 mg every 12 h | 500 mg per 24 h or per 12 h levofloxacin |
| Qureshi et al. [38] | 2005–09 | USA | Retrospective | Bacteremia | KPC-Kp | At 28 days | 11/23 | Carbapenem aminoglycoside | Carbapenem gentamicin cefepime et al. | Na | Na |
| Lauf et al. [39] | 2006–09 | Multicenter | Randomized, double-blind, phase 3 | Bacteremia | Mix | Na | 7/14 | None | Ertapenem ± vancomycin | 150 mg once-daily tigecycline | 1 g once-daily ertapenem ± vancomycin |
| Gomez-Simmonds et al. [40] | 2006–13 | USA | Retrospective | BSI | CR-Kp | At 30 days | 26/42 | Beta-lactam antibiotic | Polymyxin b aminoglycoside | Initial dose of 100 mg, followed by 50 mg every 12 h | Na |
| Maki et al. [41] | 2007 | USA | Prospective | Bacteremia | CVC-CoNS | Na | 8/23 | Na | Vancomycin | 50 mg every 12 h | Na |
| Oliveira et al. [42] | 2009–13 | Brazil | Retrospective | Bacteremia | KPC-Enterobacteriaceae | At 30 days | 15/62 | Carbapenem polymyxin aminoglycoside | Carbapenem polymyxin aminoglycoside | Na | Na |
BSI, bloodstream infection; cIAI, complicated intra-abdominal infections; cSSSI, complicated skin and skin-structure infections; CAP, community-acquired pneumonia; CR-Kp, carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae; CVC-CoNS, central venous catheter-related coagulase-negative staphylococcal; KPC-Kp, Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae; MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Na, not available; VAP, ventilator-associated pneumonia; VRE, vancomycin-resistant enterococci; XDR-Ab, extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii