Table 1.
Baseline clinical characteristics and laboratory assessment
| All (n = 320) | T2DM (−) (n = 184) | T2DM (+) (n = 136) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 65 ± 12 | 64 ± 12 | 66 ± 11 | 0.108 |
| Male, n (%) | 218 (68) | 135 (73) | 83 (61) | 0.021 |
| Physical sign | ||||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.4 ± 3.5 | 25.3 ± 3.4 | 25.5 ± 3.6 | 0.661 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 129 ± 21 | 128 ± 19 | 132 ± 24 | 0.090 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 74 ± 12 | 74 ± 12 | 74 ± 12 | 0.078 |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | ||||
| Current smoking | 117 (37) | 73 (40) | 44 (32) | 0.179 |
| History of smoking | 146 (46) | 91 (50) | 55 (40) | 0.114 |
| Hypertension | 205 (64) | 112 (61) | 93 (68) | 0.195 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 174 (54) | 91 (50) | 83 (61) | 0.042 |
| Previous CAD | 72 (23) | 44 (24) | 28 (21) | 0.502 |
| Previous MI | 39 (12) | 21 (11) | 18 (13) | 0.730 |
| Previous PCI or CABG | 59 (18) | 34 (19) | 25 (18) | 1.000 |
| Previous stroke | 43 (13) | 24 (13) | 19 (14) | 0.869 |
| ACS diagnosis and treatment | ||||
| ST elevation MI | 101 (31) | 58 (31) | 43 (31) | 0.985 |
| Non-ST elevation MI | 82 (26) | 47 (26) | 35 (26) | 0.969 |
| Unstable angina | 137 (43) | 79 (43) | 58 (43) | 0.959 |
| PCI | 168 (53) | 94 (51) | 74 (54) | 0.556 |
| CABG | 11 (3) | 3 (2) | 8 (6) | 0.080 |
| Medical therapy | ||||
| ASA | 309 (97) | 180 (98) | 129 (95) | 0.257 |
| Y2P12 inhibitor | 231 (72) | 132 (72) | 99 (73) | 0.835 |
| Statin | 293 (92) | 170 (92) | 123 (90) | 0.535 |
| β-Blocker | 240 (75) | 133 (72) | 107 (79) | 0.192 |
| ACEI/ARBs | 229 (72) | 129 (70) | 100 (74) | 0.503 |
| LVEF, % | 59 ± 12 | 60 ± 12 | 56 ± 12 | 0.001 |
| Laboratory assessment | ||||
| Fasting glucose, mmol/l | 6.6 ± 3.0 | 5.5 ± 1.7 | 8.2 ± 3.5 | <0.001 |
| HbA1C, % | 6.5 ± 1.5 | 5.7 ± 0.5 | 7.6 ± 1.8 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/l | 4.3 ± 1.0 | 4.2 ± 1.0 | 4.4 ± 1.1 | 0.322 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/l | 1.85 ± 1.21 | 1.65 ± 1.04 | 2.13 ± 1.37 | <0.001 |
| LDL-C, mmol/l | 2.24 ± 0.59 | 2.23 ± 0.59 | 2.24 ± 0.59 | 0.937 |
| HDL-C, mmol/l | 0.93 ± 0.22 | 0.94 ± 0.21 | 0.92 ± 0.23 | 0.229 |
| AST, U/L | 68.2 ± 94.6 | 67.1 ± 83.9 | 69.7 ± 107.7 | 0.333 |
| ALT, U/L | 28.2 ± 24.9 | 27.4 ± 22.8 | 29.2 ± 27.5 | 0.607 |
| Creatinine µmol/l | 102.3 ± 117.4 | 101.5 ± 118.5 | 103.4 ± 116.6 | 0.961 |
| hsCRP, ng/ml | 7.3 ± 5.8 | 6.5 ± 5.7 | 8.4 ± 5.9 | <0.001 |
| PAPP-A, ng/ml | 15.8 ± 15.3 | 13.3 ± 13.9 | 19.3 ± 16.4 | <0.001 |
| CK-MB, ng/ml | 14.8 ± 37.1 | 17.9 ± 44.7 | 10.6 ± 22.8 | 0.713 |
| Troponin I, ng/ml | 3.3 ± 8.4 | 3.2 ± 8.3 | 3.5 ± 8.4 | 0.474 |
| NT-proBNP, pg/ml | 2352.5 ± 5746.6 | 1745.8 ± 4603.3 | 3173.4 ± 6937.3 | 0.128 |
| eGFR, ml/min 1.73 m2 | 81.3 ± 23.4 | 82.7 ± 21.6 | 79.4 ± 25.6 | 0.217 |
Values are mean ± SD or n (%)
T2DM type-2 diabetes mellitus, BP blood pressure, MI myocardial infarction, CAD coronary artery disease, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, CABG coronary artery bypass graft, ACEI angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin-receptor blocker, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, LDL-C low density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C high density lipoprotein cholesterol, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine aminotransferase, hsCRP high sensitive C-reactive protein, PAPP-A pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A, NT-proBNP N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate