Fig. 2.

Localization of S. aureus in the upper part of epidermis. Inset represents a zoomed portion of the image. Scale bar is in micrometers. We used a confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) ×63 objective. a-b S. aureus is localized on the border between stratum corneum and stratum granulosum. Green fluorescence labeling of S. aureus, blue fluorescence labeling of keratinocyte cell nuclei and S. aureus DNA. Primary antibody rabbit polyclonal antibody to S. aureus (ab20920, Abcam), secondary antibody Alexa Fluor 488® goat anti-rabbit IgG (Molecular Probe™, Thermo Fisher Scientific), and DRAQ5 (BioStatus). c S. aureus in stratum corneum. The same labeling is used as in a-b, but in addition, we used Alexa Fluor 594 Phalloidin (A12381, Molecular Probes™, Thermo Fisher Scientific) staining actin red. d Combined CLSM and light microscopy of nasal tissue section. S. aureus seen as red cocci in pairs, presumably on the border between stratum corneum and stratum granulosum. Primary S. aureus rabbit polyclonal antibody (ab20920, Abcam) and a secondary antibody Alexa Fluor 546 goat anti-rabbit IgG (Molecular Probes™, Thermo Fisher Scientific) were used