Table 4.
Cytogenetic studies in hospital workers
| Author, year (ref) | Exposed Subjects, n | Non-exposed Subjects, n | Endpoint | Results | Exposure | Correlation with dose (Yes/No) |
| Bigatti et al, 1988, (54) | 63 (physicians, nurses and technicians) | 30 (ward nurses and office personnel) | CA | Positive | < legal limit. | No |
| Barquinero et al, 1993, (55) | 26 (hospital workers) | 10 (healthy individuals) | CA | Positive | 1.6–42.71 mSv | No |
| Paz-y-Mino et al, 1995, (56) | 10 (hospital workers) | 10 (healthy individuals) | CA | Positive | 1.84 mSv/year. | No |
| Vera et al, 1997, (57) | 20 (medical staff working at an X-ray department) | 20 (general population) | CA MN |
Positive | <25 mSv/year. | No (Major DNA damage in subjects exposed to both ultrasound and X-ray) |
| Bonassi et al., 1997, (58) | 871 (hospital workers from 4 laboratories) | 617 (healthy individuals) | CA | Positive | Available only partially and variable. | Yes/No |
| Rozgaj et al, 1999, (59) | 483 (radiologists, pneumologists, technicians) | 160 (healthy individuals) | CA | Positive | <20 mSv/year | No |
| Undeger et al., 1999, (60) | 30 (technicians) | 30 (nurses, technicians, office personnel) | Comet | Positive | 50 mSv/ year. | No |
| Cardoso et al, 2001, (61) | 8 (workers in X-rays, radiotherapy and nuclear medicine sectors) | 8 (healthy individuals) | CA MN SCE |
Positive | 63.2 mSv/life | No |
| Maluf et al, 2001, (62) | 22 (hospital workers) | 22 (non-exposed workers) | MN Comet |
Positive | 0.2 – 121. mSv | No |
| Maffei et al, 2002, (63) | 37 (physicians, technicians) | 37 (non-exposed workers | MN | Negative/ Positive | 35 mSv /life | No |
| Bozkurt et al, 2003, (64) | 16 (nuclear medicine) | 16 (non-exposed physicians) | SCE | Positive | 3.39 mSv/year. | Yes |
| Garaj-Vrhovac and Kopjar, 2003, (65) | 50 (physicians, 25 technicians, 10 nurses) | 50 (healthy students and office employees) | Comet | Positive | 0–8.5 mSv/year. | No |
| Maffei et al, 2004, (66) | 34 (physicians, technicians) | 35 (non-exposed workers) | CA | Positive | 1.81–141.77 mSv/life. | Yes |
| Zakeri et al., 2004, (67) | 71 (cardiologists, nurses and technicians) | 36 (healthy individuals) | CA MN |
Positive | 3.0 mSv/year | No |
| Andreassi et al, 2004, (67) | 31 interventional cardiologists | 31 clinical cardiologists | MN | Positive | 4 mSv/year | No |
SCE: sister-chromatid exchange; MN: Micronuclei; CA: Chromosomal aberrations;