Figure 4. Effect of RA on the pro-inflammatory cytokines and proteins.

(A) IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-22 were determined by EIA kits. (B) The total protein lysates were prepared and estimated for level of COX-2 and iNOS by western blot analysis using specific antibodies. Relative ratio level was determined by densitometric analysis (Bio-rad Quantity One^® Software) normalized to β-actin. Values are the mean ± SD (n = 10); ^###P < 0.001 vs control group; ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001 vs the DSS-induced group; significances between treated groups were determined using ANOVA and Dunnett’s post hoc test.