. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Nov 12.

Published in final edited form as: Subst Use Misuse. 2017 Feb 7;52(6):717–733. doi: 10.1080/10826084.2016.1261899

Table 5.

Design-adjusted parameter estimates for childhood adversities and types of substances used (n = 16043).

	Marijuana			Heroin			Other Opiates			Cocaine			Crack			Meth			Other amphetamines

	Overall	Men	Women	Overall	Men	Women	Overall	Men	Women	Overall	Men	Women	Overall	Men	Women	Overall	Men	Women	Overall	Men	Women
Sexual abuse	.85(.07)	.81^*(.08)	1.21(.14)	.73(.12)	.79(.17)	.63(.12)	.90(.18)	1.13(.18)	.92(.21)	1.06(.12)	1.01(.08)	1.33^*(.16)	1.17(.12)	1.10(.18)	1.39^**(.16)	.78(.09)	.76(.12)	.81(.12)	0.85(.15)	.87(.20)	.94(.22)
Physical abuse	1.69^***(.07)	1.71^***(.08)	1.37^**(.15)	1.23^*(.11)	1.26^*(.12)	1.04(.18)	1.48^**(.21)	1.58^**(.25)	.99(.23)	1.12(.08)	1.14(.09)	1.06(.16)	1.02(.07)	1.03(.08)	.92(.11)	1.19^*(.09)	1.17(.09)	1.45^**(.20)	1.59^***(.19)	1.64^***(.21)	1.20(.28)
Caretaker alcohol or drugs	1.28^***(.06)	1.29^***(.06)	1.21(.13)	1.21^*(.11)	1.23^*(.13)	1.16(.18)	1.15(.16)	1.13(.18)	1.47(.32)	1.45^***(.10)	1.50^***(.12)	1.13(.14)	1.47^***(.10)	1.52^***(.12)	1.31^**(.14)	1.30^***(.10)	1.29^**(.11)	1.38^*(.18)	1.31^*(.16)	1.27(.17)	1.85^***(.39)
Foster care	1.38^***(.08)	1.37^***(.09)	1.40^*(.20)	.91(.12)	.89(.13)	.99(.21)	.97(.16)	.96(.20)	.86(.26)	1.28^*(.12)	1.30^*(.13)	1.08(.19)	1.05(.10)	1.02(.11)	1.14(.17)	1.37^**(.13)	1.34^**(.14)	1.56^**(.27)	1.39^*(.20)	1.41^*(.22)	1.05(.30)
Other Covariates
Female	.51^***(.03)	n.a	n.a	1.60^***(.15)	n.a	n.a	1.82^***(.25)	n.a	n.a	1.32(.10)	n.a	n.a	2.62^***(.17)	n.a	n.a	1.35^***(.11)	n.a	n.a	1.38^*	n.a	n.a
Black	1.03(.05)	1.02(.05)	1.11(.13)	.79^*(.09)	.81(.10)	.67^*	.10^***(.03)	.10^***(.03)	.12^***(.05)	.99(.16)	1.01(.09)	.86(.12)	1.63^***(.13)	1.63^***(.14)	1.75^***(.20)	.03^***(.005)	.03^***(.01)	.06^***(.02)	.10^***(.02)	.09^***(.02)	.19^***(.07)
Hisp.	.76^***(.07)	.75^***(.08)	.78(.12)	2.32^***(.24)	2.40^***(.28)	1.77^**	.27^***(.06)	.26^***(.06)	.32^**	1.08(.10)	1.11(.11)	.88(.16)	.75^**	.73^*	.80(.13)	.45^***(.04)	.44^***(.04)	.61^**(.10)	.43^***(.07)	.42^***(.07)	.55^*(.16)
Other	.76^***(.07)	.76^***(.08)	.82(.16)	.60^*(.14)	.65(.17)	.35^*(.15)	.38^**(.11)	.41^**(.13)	.28^*(.14)	.78(.12)	.81(.14)	.50^*(.15)	.76(.12)	.78(.15)	.70(.16)	.69^**(.08)	.67^**(.09)	.86(.18)	.68(.14)	.71(.16)	.44^*(.18)

p < .05,

^**

p < .01,

^***

p > .001; Models controlled for economic hardship while growing up (lived in public housing, caregiver received welfare), education, employment status, and primary caregiver while growing up.