Table 1.

Functions of tumor-derived exosomes in cancer¹

Cancer	Exosome component	Targeted cell	Function	Reference
AML	TGF-β	NK Cells	↓ cytotoxicity	[24]
Breast CA	miR-10b	Mammary epithelial cell	↑ migration	[43]
Breast CA	miR-122	Lung fibroblasts neurons	↑ metastasis	[44]
CML	miR-210	EC	↑ angiogenic activity	[45]
Colon CA	Hsp 70	MDSC	↑ Immune suppression	[46]
Colon CA MUT	KRAS	Colon CA cells (wild-type KRAS)	↑ tumor cell growth	[47]
Colon CA	TF	EC	↑ coagulation	[48]
Cervical CA	Survivin	Cervical CA cells	↑ survival	[49], [50]
Cervical CA	MICA	NK cells	↓ cytotoxicity	[51]
GIST	KIT	Progenitor muscle cells	↑ Invasiveness	[52]
Glioblastoma	EGFR vIII	Glioblastoma cells	↑ tumor growth	[53]
HCC	miR-584, 517c, 378	HCC cells	↑ tumor growth ↑ metastasis	[54]
HNC	FasL	Activated CD8+ T cells	Induces apoptosis	[33]
Melanoma	MET	BM progenitor cells	↑ tumor growth ↑ metastasis	[32]
Multiple myeloma (BM-MSC)	IL-6, fibronectin	MM cells	↑ tumor growth	[55]
Multiple myeloma	miR-135b	EC	↑ migration ↑ tube formation	[56]
Mesothelioma	TGF-β	Fibroblasts	↑ angiogenesis ↑ differentiation	[57]
NPC	HIF1α	NPC cells	↑ migration ↑ invasion	[58]
Ovarian CA	FasL	Activated T cells	↑ immune suppression	[59]
Pancreatic CA	MIF	Liver Kupfer cells	↑ metastatic niche formation	[60]
Prostate CA	αvβ6 Integrin	Prostate CA cells	↑ migration	[61]
Various tumors	CD39/CD73	T cells, Treg tumor cells	↑ adenosine production	[62]

¹A selected list of functional changes induced by tumor derived exosomes to illustrate the involvement of different components of the exosome cargo in promoting tumor progression and metastasis.

Abbreviations in Table 1: AML, acute myeloid leukemia; BM, bone marrow; CA, carcinoma; CML, chronic myelogenous leukemia; EC, endothelial cells; GIST, gastrointestinal stromal tumor; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; MDSC, myeloid-derived suppressor cells; MIF, migration inhibitory factor; NK, natural killer cells; TF, transfer factor; TGF-β, transforming growth factor β