Table 5.
Foods and food groups in the infant FFQ and the 24-h recalls in a sample of infants and toddlers’ participants of the WIC program in Puerto Rico with varied diets (N=186)
| Food or Food group | FFQs | 24-h food recalls | Spearman correlations | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Median (25th, 75th percentiles) | r (95% CI) | P value | ||
| Breast-milk (ml) | 41.5 (20.9, 207) | 3.77 (1.82, 38.3) | 0.39 (0.25, 0.51) | <0.01 |
| Formula (ml) | 57.3 (1.81, 641) | 467 (72.5, 796) | 0.44 (0.31, 0.55) | <0.01 |
| Milk (ml) | 254 (72.3, 618) | 170 (69.3, 371) | 0.63 (0.52, 0.72) | <0.01 |
| Cheese (serving) | 0.19 (0.07, 0.31) | 0.08 (0.02, 0.15) | 0.22 (0.01, 0.41) | <0.01 |
| Ice cream & yogurt (serving) | 0.15 (0.06, 0.29) | 0.03 (0.01, 0.07) | 0.39 (0.22, 0.53) | <0.01 |
| Juice (100%) (ml) | 142 (77.2, 224) | 62.4 (26.3, 130) | 0.40 (0.24, 0.55) | <0.01 |
| Sugary sweetened beverages (SSB) (ml) | 13.3 (1.16, 25.8) | 8.97 (0.71, 22.1) | 0.57 (0.40, 0.70) | <0.01 |
| Juice (100%) or SSB (ml) | 167 (94.8, 231) | 73.6 (39.4, 170) | 0.50 (0.36, 0.62) | <0.01 |
| Refined grains (cereals, rice, pasta) (serving) | 1.16 (0.73, 1.63) | 1.25 (0.73, 2.02) | 0.43 (0.27, 0.57) | <0.01 |
| Whole grains (cereals, rice, pasta) (serving) | 0.11 (0.02, 0.22) | 0.43 (0.17, 0.89) | 0.30 (0.11, 0.47) | <0.01 |
| Fruits (serving) | 0.94 (0.44, 1.70) | 0.43 (0.09, 0.98) | 0.46 (0.30, 0.59) | <0.01 |
| Vegetables (serving) | 0.59 (0.25, 1.13) | 0.33 (0.05, 0.77) | 0.51 (0.34, 0.65) | <0.01 |
| Starchy roots (serving) | 0.09 (0.05, 0.16) | 0.12 (0.03, 0.41) | 0.30 (0.12, 0.46) | <0.01 |
| Beans (serving) | 0.31 (0.15, 0.48) | 0.07 (0.02, 0.12) | 0.63 (0.55, 0.69) | <0.01 |
| Meats (serving) | 0.50 (0.23, 0.71) | 1.01 (0.52, 1.65) | 0.46 (0.27, 0.61) | <0.01 |
| Eggs (unit) | 0.30 (0.09, 0.50) | 0.04 (0.02, 0.09) | 0.23 (0.05, 0.40) | <0.01 |
| Nuts and seeds (serving) | 0.11 (0.05, 0.25) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.22 (0.08, 0.35) | <0.05 |
| Sweets (serving) | 0.60 (0.12, 1.11) | 0.23 (0.09, 0.54) | 0.23 (0.02, 0.42) | <0.01 |
| Salty snacks (serving) | 0.02 (0.00, 0.03) | 0.01 (0.02, 0.03) | 0.24 (0.09, 0.39) | <0.01 |
| Added fat (serving) | 0.43 (0.23, 0.76) | 0.57 (0.26, 0.93) | 0.38 (0.19, 0.55) | <0.01 |
1 serving is equivalent to: cheese = 1 oz.; ice cream = 0.25 cups, yogurt = 0.5 cups; refined or whole grains= 0.5 cup; fruits = 0.5 cups; vegetables = 0.5 cup; starchy roots = 0.5 cup; beans = 0.5 cups; beef, chicken or fish = 4 oz.; eggs = 1 unit; sweets = 1 medium cookie, cupcake or muffin/1 regular size candy bar/1 tablespoons of gummies, candies/0.4 cups of marshmallows/1 lollipop; Salty snacks = 1 oz.; added fat = 1 tsp.