Table S1.
Characteristics and outcomes of patients meeting or not meeting the secondary (7-day) outcome
| Characteristics | All patients
|
Secondary outcome
|
P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n=276) | Yes (n=34) | No (n=242) | ||
| Increased/recent symptoms, n (%) | ||||
| Cough | 204 (74) | 24 (71) | 180 (74) | 0.79 |
| Expectoration abundance | 144 (52) | 20 (59) | 124 (51) | 0.53 |
| Sputum purulence | 94 (34) | 13 (39) | 81 (34) | 0.66 |
| Signs of severity, n (%) | ||||
| 0 | 80 (29) | 7 (21) | 73 (30) | 0.31 |
| 1–2 | 152 (55) | 19 (60) | 133 (55) | |
| >3 | 44 (16) | 8 (23) | 36 (15) | |
| Cyanosis | 48 (17) | 7 (21) | 41 (17) | 0.78 |
| Neurological impairment | 6 (2) | 2 (6) | 4 (2) | 0.16 |
| Lower limb edema | 53 (19) | 7 (21) | 46 (19) | 1 |
| Asterixis | 14 (5) | 4 (12) | 10 (4) | 0.08 |
| Use of accessory inspiratory muscles | 158 (57) | 23 (68) | 135 (56) | 0.26 |
| Expiratory use of abdominal muscles | 109 (39) | 17 (50) | 92 (38) | 0.25 |
| Physiological variables | ||||
| SAP, mmHg | 142 (123–160) | 145 (121–177) | 142 (123–160) | 0.41 |
| DAP, mmHg | 79 (68–90) | 79 (70–96) | 79.0 (68–90) | 0.18 |
| Respiratory rate, min−1 | 26 (22–30) | 29 (24–32) | 26 (21–30) | 0.17 |
| Heart rate, min−1 | 95 (84–108) | 91 (78–106) | 96 (84–109) | 0.28 |
| SpO2, % | 93 (90–96) | 94 (91–97) | 93 (90–96) | 0.25 |
| Clinical risk score, n (%) | ||||
| Low risk | 43 (16) | 2 (6) | 41 (17) | 0.15 |
| Intermediate risk | 113 (41) | 13 (38) | 100 (41) | |
| High risk | 120 (43) | 19 (56) | 101 (42) | |
| Blood gases | ||||
| pH | 7.39 (7.34–7.42) | 7.37 (7.33–7.38) | 7.40 (7.36–7.43) | 0.0006 |
| PaCO2, mmHg | 46 (39–56) | 55 (43–64) | 46 (39–55) | 0.011 |
| PaO2, mmHg | 68 (56.0–86) | 72.5 (60–85) | 67 (56–85) | 0.64 |
| Lactate, mmol/L | 1.2 (1.0–1.8) | 1.3 (0.9–1.7) | 1.2 (1.0–1.8) | 0.78 |
| Treatments in ER, n (%) | ||||
| Short-term β2-agonists | 244 (88.4) | 31 (91.2) | 213 (88.0) | 0.80 |
| Anticholinergic agents | 227 (82.2) | 27 (79.4) | 200 (82.6) | 0.82 |
| Oral corticosteroids | 27 (9.8) | 3 (8.8) | 24 (9.9) | 1 |
| Oxygen therapy | 124 (44.9) | 15 (44.1) | 109 (45.0) | 1 |
| Noninvasive ventilation | 45 (16.3) | 8 (23.5) | 37 (15.3) | 0.33 |
| Biomarkers | ||||
| MR-proADM, nmol/L | 0.87 (0.67–1.15) | 1.18 (0.81–1.86) | 0.84 (0.67–1.11) | 0.003 |
| Copeptin, pmol/L | 13.06 (5.93–33.52) | 30.12 (7.61–78.01) | 11.78 (5.84–30.82) | 0.004 |
Abbreviations: ER, emergency room; MR-proADM, mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin; SAP, systolic arterial pressure; DAP, diastolic arterial pressure.