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. 2017 Mar 31;12:2531–2551. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S129274

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© 2017 Ke et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

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TRAIL combined with AuNPs induced the accumulation of mitochondrial ROS, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), and depletion of ATP.

Notes: Calu-1 cells were incubated with TRAIL and AuNPs, alone and together for 6 h. (A) After incubation with MitoSOX Red, the accumulation of mitochondrial ROS was observed under a CLSM (upper panel). Flow cytometric analysis of Δψm using JC-1 (lower panel). Representative data are shown. Magnification ×200. (B, C) Quantitative analysis of changes in mitochondrial ROS and Δψm. (D) Total cellular ATP contents were determined using an ATP bioluminescence assay kit. (E) Effects of radical scavengers or Mdivi-1 on mitochondrial ROS generation induced by TRAIL combined with AuNPs. Values are mean ± SD (n=3). *P<0.05, compared to TRAIL-treated groups.

Abbreviations: AuNPs, gold nanoparticles; CLSM, confocal laser scanning microscope; Mdivi-1, mitochondrial division inhibitor 1; MnTMPyP, Mn(III) tetrakis (1-methyl- 4-pyridyl) porphyrinpentachloride; NAC, N-acetyl-l-cysteine; SD, standard deviation; TRAIL, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand.

TRAIL combined with AuNPs induced the accumulation of mitochondrial ROS, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), and depletion of ATP.

Notes: Calu-1 cells were incubated with TRAIL and AuNPs, alone and together for 6 h. (A) After incubation with MitoSOX Red, the accumulation of mitochondrial ROS was observed under a CLSM (upper panel). Flow cytometric analysis of Δψm using JC-1 (lower panel). Representative data are shown. Magnification ×200. (B, C) Quantitative analysis of changes in mitochondrial ROS and Δψm. (D) Total cellular ATP contents were determined using an ATP bioluminescence assay kit. (E) Effects of radical scavengers or Mdivi-1 on mitochondrial ROS generation induced by TRAIL combined with AuNPs. Values are mean ± SD (n=3). *P<0.05, compared to TRAIL-treated groups.

Abbreviations: AuNPs, gold nanoparticles; CLSM, confocal laser scanning microscope; Mdivi-1, mitochondrial division inhibitor 1; MnTMPyP, Mn(III) tetrakis (1-methyl- 4-pyridyl) porphyrinpentachloride; NAC, N-acetyl-l-cysteine; SD, standard deviation; TRAIL, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand.