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Exponential growth rate effect (N=3).
Notes: The significant (P<0.05) decrease in exponential growth rate compared to the control is denoted by *. The significant effect of increase in NP concentration is denoted by **. The significant effect of different shape is denoted by ^. The control with only bacteria is denoted as Bac.
Abbreviations: NP, nanoparticle; AuNS, gold nanosphere; AuNST, gold nanostar; AuNF, gold nanoflower.
