Table 1. Clinical carbapenemase-producing and -nonproducing Enterobacteriaceae strains analysed in this study.
| Panel | Carbapenemase type/resistance mechanism | Microorganism | No. of strains | Material | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rectal swabs | Urine | Respiratory materials* | Blood and other liquids** | Urethral/ vaginal swabs | Other materials*** | ||||
| I | KPC (617) | K. pneumoniae | 603 | 335 | 177 | 49 | 22 | 5 | 15 |
| E. coli | 7 | 4 | 1 | 2 | |||||
| E. aerogenes | 6 | 2 | 4 | ||||||
| M. morganii | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| VIM (364) | K. pneumoniae | 327 | 163 | 145 | 10 | 4 | 1 | 4 | |
| E. cloacae | 17 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 4 | ||
| C. freundii | 12 | 10 | 2 | ||||||
| E. coli | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |||||
| E. aerogenes | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| K. oxytoca | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| S. marcescens | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| II | None (146) | E. coli | 53 | 45 | 4 | 4 | |||
| K. pneumoniae | 35 | 20 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 4 | |||
| K. oxytoca | 14 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 5 | ||||
| E. cloacae | 13 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 5 | ||||
| P. mirabilis | 8 | 6 | 2 | ||||||
| S. marcescens | 7 | 7 | |||||||
| C. koseri | 5 | 2 | 2 | 1 | |||||
| M. morganii | 5 | 2 | 3 | ||||||
| C. freundii | 3 | 1 | 2 | ||||||
| E. aerogenes | 2 | 2 | |||||||
| P. stuartii | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| III | NDM (1) | E. coli | 1 | 1 | |||||
| OXA-48 (1) | K. pneumoniae | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Class B^ (6) | K. pneumoniae | 5 | 4 | 1 | |||||
| E. coli | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| AmpC (1) | E. cloacae | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| ESBL (36) | E. coli | 21 | 17 | 3 | 1 | ||||
| K. pneumoniae | 10 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| P. mirabilis | 3 | 2 | 1 | ||||||
| C. freundii | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Unknown (13) | E.cloacae | 5 | 4 | 1 | |||||
| K. pneumoniae | 4 | 3 | 1 | ||||||
| E.coli | 3 | 3 | |||||||
| E. aerogenes | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| Total | 1185 | 509 | 458 | 107 | 40 | 12 | 59 | ||
*: bronchial aspirate (80), sputum (14), pharyngeal swab (9), bronchoalveolar lavage (2), nasopharyngeal aspirate (1), nasal swab (1).
**: blood (29), peritoneal fluid (5), liquor (2), abdominal drainage fluid (2), bile (1), pleural fluid (1).
***: wound swab (34), bioptic material (10), pus swab (6), peritoneal drainage fluid swab (3), cutaneous swab (2), pus (2), abdominal drainage fluid swab (1), central venous catheter (1).
^ Class B carbapenemase strains other than NDM and VIM.