Table 4.

The Multidimensional Clinical Profile Categories

Categories	Examples
A. Categorical diagnosis based on Rome IV criteria
B. Clinical modifiers	Bowel habit predominance (ie, IBS-D, IBS-C, IBS-M), post-infection (PI), gluten sensitivity, FODMAPs sensitivity
C. Severity impact by self-perception	Mild, moderate, severe
D. Psychosocial modifiers and comorbidities	Can be categorical (eg, DSM Axis I), dimensional (eg, HADS, psychosocial red flags), or patient reported (eg, abuse)
E. Physiological modifiers and biomarkers of clinical relevance that enhance understanding of the diagnosis	eg, motility, biochemical, antibodies

IBS-C, IBS with predominant constipation; IBS-D, IBS with predominant diarrhea; IBS-M, IBS with mixed bowel habits; FODMAPs, fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides, and polyols; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.