Table 1.
Distribution of Demographic Characteristics According to Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in the Chinese population
| Characteristics | Subjects (n [%]) | Subjects with EDS (ESS > 10) | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| n (%) | Multivariate analysis | ||
|
| |||
| OR (95% CI) | |||
| Gender | |||
| Female | 1503 (51.72) | 336 (22.36) | 1.00 |
| Male | 1403 (48.28) | 308 (21.95) | 0.89 (0.69–1.15) |
| Region | |||
| Urban | 1544 (53.13) | 339 (21.96) | 1.00 |
| Rural | 1362 (46.87) | 305 (22.39) | 1.05 (0.86–1.28) |
| Age (yr) | |||
| 18–29 | 717 (24.67) | 161 (22.45) | 1.23 (0.89–1.71) |
| 30–39 | 695 (23.92) | 153 (22.01) | 1.00 |
| 40–49 | 688 (23.68) | 148 (21.51) | 0.98 (0.75–1.28) |
| 50–59 | 424 (14.59) | 83 (19.58) | 0.77 (0.56–1.06) |
| 60–80 | 382 (13.15) | 99 (25.92) | 0.81 (0.56–1.18) |
| BMI (kg/m2)a | |||
| < 18.5 | 243 (8.37) | 56 (23.05) | 1.11 (0.79–1.56) |
| 18.5–23.9 | 1714 (59.06) | 348 (20.30) | 1.00 |
| 24.0–27.9 | 732 (25.22) | 175 (23.91) | 1.27 (1.02–1.57) |
| ≥ 28.0 | 213 (7.34) | 64 (30.05) | 1.68 (1.20–2.35) |
| Marital status | |||
| Married | 2249 (77.42) | 491 (21.83) | 1.00 |
| Unmarried | 545 (18.76) | 117 (21.47) | 0.82 (0.58–1.15) |
| Divorced/separated/widowed | 111 (3.82) | 36 (32.43) | 1.48 (0.94–2.33) |
| Education | |||
| Primary school or lower | 424 (14.59) | 124 (29.25) | 1.68 (1.27–2.24) |
| Secondary/high school | 1841 (63.35) | 348 (18.90) | 1.00 |
| University or higher | 641 (22.06) | 172 (26.83) | 1.68 (1.29–2.17) |
| Occupation | |||
| Office worker | 754 (26.01) | 169 (22.41) | 1.00 |
| Manual worker | 1576 (54.36) | 349 (22.14) | 1.04 (0.82–1.34) |
| Student | 131 (4.52) | 28 (21.37) | 1.01 (0.60–1.70) |
| Other | 438 (15.11) | 95 (21.69) | 1.04 (0.76–1.42) |
| Family income (Yuan/mo) | |||
| < 2000 | 1415 (48.86) | 327 (23.11) | 1.18 (0.96–1.45) |
| 2000–5000 | 1219 (42.09) | 251 (20.59) | 1.00 |
| ≥ 5000 | 262 (9.05) | 63 (24.05) | 1.04 (0.75–1.46) |
| Smoker status | |||
| Non-smoker | 2024 (69.65) | 443 (21.89) | 1.00 |
| Current smoker | 792 (27.25) | 178 (22.47) | 1.14 (0.87–1.50) |
| Ex-smoker | 90 (3.10) | 23 (25.56) | 1.12 (0.65–1.93) |
| Alcohol consumption | |||
| Never | 2264 (77.93) | 491 (21.69) | 1.00 |
| Yes | 641 (22.07) | 153 (23.87) | 1.11 (0.86–1.43) |
| Exercise Status | |||
| Never | 468 (16.15) | 107 (22.86) | 0.91 (0.66–1.25) |
| Less than 4 times/mo | 290 (10.01) | 76 (26.21) | 1.03 (0.73–1.46) |
| At least once/wk | 452 (15.60) | 111 (24.56) | 1.00 |
| At least once/day | 1687 (58.23) | 348 (20.63) | 0.82 (0.63–1.06) |
| Family history of gastrointestinal tumors or diseases | |||
| None | 2603 (89.60) | 566 (21.74) | 1.00 |
| Yes | 302 (10.40) | 78 (25.83) | 1.26 (0.95–1.68) |
| Chronic diseases | |||
| Liver disease | 141 (4.85) | 40 (28.37) | 1.23 (0.82–1.83) |
| Hypertension | 342 (11.77) | 89 (26.02) | 1.01 (0.74–1.38) |
| Myocardial infarction | 11 (0.38) | 4 (36.36) | 1.37 (0.37–5.06) |
| Angina pectoris | 43 (1.48) | 13 (30.23) | 1.17 (0.57–2.42) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 71 (2.44) | 21 (29.58) | 1.28 (0.72–2.28) |
| Chronic bronchitis | 117 (4.03) | 38 (32.48) | 1.37 (0.89–2.11) |
| Asthma | 31 (1.07) | 16 (51.61) | 3.03 (1.42–6.44) |
| Renal disease | 77 (2.65) | 22 (28.57) | 1.16 (0.67–2.00) |
| Osteoarthritis | 90 (3.10) | 29 (32.22) | 1.58 (0.97–2.55) |
| Rheumarthritis | 128 (4.40) | 40 (31.25) | 1.30 (0.86–1.96) |
| Diabetes | 95 (3.27) | 24 (25.26) | 1.06 (0.64–1.75) |
| Anxiety | 8 (0.28) | 2 (25.00) | 0.63 (0.10–4.16) |
| Depression | 12 (0.41) | 5 (41.67) | 2.65 (0.74–9.47) |
a
Chinese body mass index (BMI) category was applied (18.5, 24.0, 28.0).
EDS, excessive daytime sleepiness; ESS, Epworth Sleepiness Scale.