Table 4. Short-term effects–with covariates.
| Condition | Pre | Post | F | F | F | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (M±SD)a | (M±SD)a | condition | time | condition x time | ||
| x time | ||||||
| HbA1cb | IC | 6.7 | 6.5 | 0.19 | 8.54* | 0.99 |
| (%) | CC | 6.4 | 6.4 | |||
| Physical fitnessc | IC | 521±83 | 530±97 | 0.00 | 2.91 | 0.81 |
| (m) | CC | 539±88 | 545±85 | |||
| PA–objectivelyd | IC | 144±81 | 148±78 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.44 |
| (minutes/day) | CC | 129±59 | 123±76 | |||
| PA–subjectivelyd | IC | 21.5 | 26 | 0.17 | 4.50* | 0.53 |
| (score) | CC | 33.5 | 33.5 |
a. For HbA1c and self-reported PA, the median of the untransformed data is given.
b. The following covariates were used: (1) age, (2) sex, change in (3) sugar intake and in (4) total energy intake.
c. The following covariates were used: (1) age, (2) sex, (3) baseline BMI and (4) change in BMI (from pre to post).
d. The following covariates were used: (1) age, (2) sex, (3) baseline BMI, (4) change in BMI (from pre to post), (5) day length (post), (6) temperature (post) and (7) precipitation (post).
*P < 0.05.
Note: ibid. Table 3.