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. 2016 Nov 11;55(2):119–126. doi: 10.2486/indhealth.2016-0120
           5. My job is difficult in that it requires a high level of knowledge and technical skill. 6. I need to be constantly thinking about work throughout the working day. 7. My job requires a lot of physical work. Overall level of how demanding the job is
Yes No Test Yes No Test Yes No Test Yes on 6 or 7 items Yes on fewer than 6 items Test








n 696 254 660 290 183 767 371 579
Mean age
47.3 ±8.4 47.6 ±9.2 n.s. 46.8 ±8.4 48.6 ±9.0 p=0.003 46.0 ±8.7 47.7 ±8.5 p=0.015 45.9 ±8.3 48.3 ±8.7 p<0.001
Mean number of present teeth
27.2 ±6.4 26.8 ±6.9 n.s. 27.3 ±6.5 26.7 ±6.6 n.s. 26.8 ±7.6 27.2 ±6.3 n.s. 27.1 ±7.1 27.1 ±6.1 n.s.
% n % n % n % n % n % n % n % n
Experience of tooth loss
45.1 314 46.1 117 n.s. 43.5 287 49.7 144 n.s. 47.0 86 45.0 345 n.s. 41.0 152 48.2 279 p=0.002
Presence of decayed teeth (one or more)
20.5 143 18.9 48 n.s. 21.2 140 17.6 51 n.s. 22.4 41 19.6 150 n.s. 22.6 84 18.5 107 n.s.
Oral problems
Frequent stomatitis
11.1 77 12.2 31 n.s. 12.3 81 9.3 27 n.s. 15.3 28 10.4 80 n.s. 13.7 51 9.8 57 n.s.
Frequent tooth or gingival pain
8.8 61 7.1 18 n.s. 9.1 60 6.6 19 n.s. 11.5 21 7.6 58 n.s. 10.0 37 7.3 42 n.s.
Pain when consuming something cold
14.5 101 11.4 29 n.s. 15.0 99 10.7 31 n.s. 16.9 31 12.9 99 n.s. 14.3 53 13.3 77 n.s.
Gingival bleeding
12.9 90 13.0 33 n.s. 13.3 88 12.1 35 n.s. 15.8 29 12.3 94 n.s. 14.0 52 12.3 71 n.s.
Gingival swelling
9.8 68 5.1 13 p=0.023 9.7 64 5.9 17 n.s. 9.8 18 8.2 63 n.s. 9.4 35 7.9 46 n.s.
Gingival recession
11.6 81 10.6 27 n.s. 13.0 86 7.6 22 p=0.015 8.7 16 12.0 92 n.s. 12.1 45 10.9 63 n.s.
Often get food stuck between teeth
21.1 147 17.7 45 n.s. 21.8 144 16.6 48 n.s. 21.9 40 19.8 152 n.s. 23.7 88 18.0 104 p=0.030
Loose teeth
3.3 23 3.1 8 n.s. 3.5 23 2.8 8 n.s. 4.4 8 3.0 23 n.s. 4.0 15 2.8 16 n.s.
Cannot eat some foods
1.4 10 0.4 1 n.s. 1.4 9 0.7 2 n.s. 1.6 3 1.0 8 n.s. 2.4 9 0.3 2 p=0.005
Dry mouth
6.8 47 9.4 24 n.s. 7.0 46 8.6 25 n.s. 8.7 16 7.2 55 n.s. 7.8 29 7.3 42 n.s.
Inside of mouth feels slimy
16.7 116 15.0 38 n.s. 17.0 112 14.5 42 n.s. 18.0 33 15.8 121 n.s. 18.9 70 14.5 84 n.s.
Bad breath
20.7 144 20.9 53 n.s. 22.3 147 17.2 50 n.s. 24.0 44 19.9 153 n.s. 24.3 90 18.5 107 p=0.032
Jaw makes clicking sound
5.9 41 5.5 14 n.s. 7.0 46 3.1 9 p=0.019 8.2 15 5.2 40 n.s. 7.8 29 4.5 26 p=0.032
Jaw pain
1.0 7 1.2 3 n.s. 1.4 9 0.3 1 n.s. 1.6 3 0.9 7 n.s. 1.6 6 0.7 4 n.s.
Difficulty opening mouth
2.2 15 0.8 2 n.s. 2.3 15 0.7 2 n.s. 3.3 6 1.4 11 n.s. 2.4 9 1.4 8 n.s.
Teeth are worn down
6.3 44 4.7 12 n.s. 6.2 41 5.2 15 n.s. 1.6 3 6.9 53 p=0.005 4.9 18 6.6 38 n.s.

The Mann-Whitney U test or chi-squred test was used to compare between two groups.