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. 2016 Nov 11;55(2):119–126. doi: 10.2486/indhealth.2016-0120
           1. I have an extremely large amount of work to do. 2. I can’t complete my work in the required time. 3. I have to work as hard as I can. 4. I have to pay very careful attention.
n Yes No Test Yes No Test Yes No Test Yes No Test








713 237 478 472 770 180 804 146
Mean age
46.7 ±8.3 49.4 ±9.1 p<0.001 45.6 ±8.2 49.1 ±8.6 p<0.001 46.7 ±8.4 50.1 ±8.9 p<0.001 47.1 ±8.4 48.5 ±9.6 n.s.
Mean number of present teeth
27.2 ±6.7 26.7 ±6.1 n.s. 27.2 ±7.0 27.0 ±6.0 n.s. 27.3 ±6.6 26.5 ±6.4 n.s. 27.2 ±6.6 26.8 ±6.3 n.s.
% n % n % n % n % n % n % n % n
Experience of tooth loss
42.5 303 54.0 128 p=0.002 38.7 185 52.1 246 p<0.001 44.4 342 49.4 89 n.s. 45.4 365 45.2 66 n.s.
Presence of decayed teeth (one or more)
20.5 146 19.0 45 n.s. 23.4 112 16.7 79 p=0.010 20.4 157 18.9 34 n.s. 20.1 162 19.9 29 n.s.
Oral problems
Frequent stomatitis
12.1 86 9.3 22 n.s. 13.8 66 8.9 42 p=0.017 11.7 90 10.0 18 n.s. 11.4 92 11.0 16 n.s.
Frequent tooth or gingival pain
8.4 60 8.0 19 n.s. 9.2 44 7.4 35 n.s. 8.8 68 6.1 11 n.s. 8.7 70 6.2 9 n.s.
Pain when consuming something cold
14.0 100 12.7 30 n.s. 14.9 71 12.5 59 n.s. 14.7 113 9.4 17 n.s. 13.9 112 12.3 18 n.s.
Gingival bleeding
13.2 94 12.2 29 n.s. 15.1 72 10.8 51 n.s. 13.6 105 10.0 18 n.s. 12.7 102 14.4 21 n.s.
Gingival swelling
8.7 62 8.0 19 n.s. 9.2 44 7.8 37 n.s. 8.7 67 7.8 14 n.s. 8.2 66 10.3 15 n.s.
Gingival recession
11.9 85 9.7 23 n.s. 13.0 62 9.7 46 n.s. 11.8 91 9.4 17 n.s. 11.8 95 8.9 13 n.s.
Often get food stuck between teeth
20.5 146 19.4 46 n.s. 22.4 107 18.0 85 n.s. 21.2 163 16.1 29 n.s. 20.9 168 16.4 24 n.s.
Loose teeth
3.2 23 3.4 8 n.s. 4.0 19 2.5 12 n.s. 3.5 27 2.2 4 n.s. 3.4 27 2.7 4 n.s.
Cannot eat some foods
1.1 8 1.3 3 n.s. 1.9 9 0.4 2 n.s. 1.2 9 1.1 2 n.s. 1.2 10 0.7 1 n.s.
Dry mouth
7.2 51 8.4 20 n.s. 8.4 40 6.6 31 n.s. 8.1 62 5.0 9 n.s. 7.5 60 7.5 11 n.s.
Inside of mouth feels slimy
18.0 128 11.0 26 p=0.012 18.8 90 13.6 64 p=0.028 17.7 136 10.0 18 p=0.012 16.8 135 13.0 19 n.s.
Bad breath
20.9 149 20.3 48 n.s. 24.7 118 16.7 79 p=0.003 22.2 171 14.4 26 p=0.021 21.0 169 19.2 28 n.s.
Jaw makes clicking sound
6.5 46 3.8 9 n.s. 6.9 33 4.7 22 n.s. 6.8 52 1.7 3 p=0.007 6.2 50 3.4 5 n.s.
Jaw pain
1.4 10 0 0 n.s. 1.5 7 0.6 3 n.s. 1.2 9 0.6 1 n.s. 1.2 10 0 0 n.s.
Difficulty opening mouth
2.0 14 1.3 3 n.s. 2.1 10 1.5 7 n.s. 2.2 17 0 0 n.s. 2.1 17 0 0 n.s.
Teeth are worn down
5.6 40 6.8 16 n.s. 5.2 25 6.6 31 n.s. 5.2 40 8.9 16 n.s. 6.0 48 5.5 8 n.s.