. 2017 Mar 12;7(7):2432–2440. doi: 10.1002/ece3.2869

Table 1.

Age effects in case of multitrait diversity indices based on the results of LME analyses

	Age	Trend	F	1‐year‐old	3‐year‐old	5‐year‐old	10‐year‐old
With alfalfa
FRic	#	↑	3.025	0.139 ± 0.011^AB	0.113 ± 0.012^A	0.199 ± 0.011^C	0.159 ± 0.010^B
FEve	n.s.	—	0.611	0.576 ± 0.018	0.540 ± 0.033	0.521 ± 0.019	0.518 ± 0.020
FDiv	#	↑	3.728	0.587 ± 0.034^A	0.642 ± 0.038^A	0.663 ± 0.024^A	0.817 ± 0.018^B
Without alfalfa
FRic	#	↑	3.100	0.135 ± 0.012^AB	0.114 ± 0.012^A	0.198 ± 0.011^C	0.159 ± 0.010^B
FEve	*	↓	5.198	0.744 ± 0.018^B	0.695 ± 0.026^B	0.564 ± 0.019^A	0.529 ± 0.021^A
FDiv	**	↑	10.959	0.745 ± 0.02^A	0.707 ± 0.017^A	0.852 ± 0.016^B	0.838 ± 0.017^B

Trends denote the direction of changes during the succession. The means and SEs of indices were given in the table. The different superscripted letters indicate significant differences obtained with Tukey's test (p < .05), letter “A” signs the lowest value in every case. Notations: n.s.: nonsignificant; #: marginally significant (.05 < p < .1); *.01 < p ≤ .05; **.001 < p ≤ .01; —: no obvious trend; ↑: increasing during the succession; ↓: decreasing during the succession.