Table 2.
Different methods for constituent analysis of nail plate.
| Method | Element | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| I. Structural and mineral constituents | ||
|
| ||
| Raman spectroscopy | Water, protein and lipid | [29] |
| Immunohistochemistry | Keratin | [32] |
| Polymerase chain reaction | Deoxyribonucleic acid | [33, 34] |
| Electron microscopy | Cystine | [35] |
| X-ray diffraction | Mg, Cl, Na, Ca, S, Cu | [36, 37] |
| Colorimetry | Fe | [38] |
|
| ||
| II. Exogenous materials | ||
|
| ||
| Atomic absorption spectroscopy | Cd, Pb, Zn, Ca, Cr, Fe, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Co, Na, K | [36, 39, 40] |
| Mass fragmentography | Metamphetamine | [41] |
| Gas chromatography | Amphetamine, Cocaine | [42, 43] |
| Flow injection hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry | Arsenic | [44] |