Table 1. Baseline characteristics of studies used in systematic review.
| First Author, Publication Year, | Country | Study Design | Study Population N (age;% female) | Sleep Measurement (Subjective/Self-reported) | Sleep Measurement (Objective) | Non-invasive CVD measurement |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| King et al. (33), 2008 | United States | Cohort | 495 (40 ± 4; 59%) | Self-Report (PSQI) | Actigraphy | CAC (Agatston score)- electron beam CT |
| Matthews et al. (31), 2011 | United States | Cross-sectional | 195 (60; 50%) | Self-Report (PSQI) | Actigraphy and PSG | CAC (Agatston score)- electron beam CT |
| Matthews et al. (32), 2013 | United States | Cross-sectional | 512 (50 ± 3; 100%) | Self-Report (PSQI) | NR | CAC (Agatston score)- electron beam CT |
| Lutsey et al (34), 2015 | United States | Cross-sectional | 1465 (68; 54%) | NR | Actigraphy and PSG | CAC (Agatston score)- electron beam CT |
| Kim et al, 2015 (17) | Korea | Cross-sectional | 29203 (41.8 ± 7.3; 18.6%) | Self-Report (PSQI) | NR | CAC (Agatston score)- electron beam CT |
| Wolff et al. (35), 2008 | Germany | Cross-sectional | 2383 (45 − 81; 51%) | Self-Report | NR | CIMT (mm)-B-mode ultrasound |
| Abe et al. (36), 2011 | Japan | Cross-Sectional | 2214 (64 ± 10; 52%) | Self-Report questionnaire | NR | CIMT (mm)-B-mode ultrasound |
| Nakazaki et al. (38), 2012 | Japan | Cross-Sectional | 86 (74 ± 5; 71%) | Self-Report (PSQI), | Actigraphy | CIMT (mm)-B-mode ultrasound |
| Sands et al. (39), 2012 | United States | Cohort | 617 (37 − 52; 58%) | NR | Actigraphy | CIMT (mm)-B-mode ultrasound |
| Nagai et al. (2), 2013 | Japan | Cross-Sectional | 201 (80 ± 6; 75%) | Self-Report questionnaire | NR | CIMT (mm)-B-mode ultrasound |
| Ma et al. (37), 2013 | United States | Cross-sectional | 257 (42 ± 9; 26%) | Self-Report (PSQI) | Actigraphy | CIMT (mm)-B-mode ultrasound |
| Ramos-Sepulveda et al. (41), 2010 | United States | Cross-sectional | 1605 (65 ± 8; 60%) | Self-Report (HRSD) | NR | CIMT (mm)-B-mode ultrasound |
| Schwartz et al. (40) 2102 | United States | Cross sectional | 126 (55; 89%) | NR | Actigraphy | CIMT (mm)-B-mode ultrasound |
| Behl et al. (43), 2014 | United States | Cohort | 684 (48 ± 11; 68%) | Self-Report (PSQI and ESS) | EF-FMD | |
| Cooper et al. (42), 2014 | United States | Cross-sectional | 100 (36 ± 10; 43%) | Self-Report (PSQI) and PSG | EF-FMD | |
| Calvin et al. (44), 2014 | United States | Cross-sectional | 16 (18 to 40; 37.5%) | NR | PSG | EF-FMD |
| Takase et al, 2004 (45) | Japan | Cross-sectional | 30 (21.7 ± 1.1; 0%) | Self-Report | NR | EF-FMD |
| Wehrens et al, 2012 (46) | United Kingdom | Cross-sectional | 25 (25 − 45; 0%) | Self-report questionnaire | NR | EF-FMD |
| Schmidt et al, 2013 (47) | Germany | Cross-sectional | 75 (20 − 54; 61.3%) | NR | Actigraphy | EF-FMD |
| Strand et al. (48), 2012 | Norway | Cross-sectional | 4739 (50 ± 13; 45.2%) | Self-report questionnaire | NR | EF-FMD |
| Suessenbacher et al. (49), 2011 | Austria | Cross-sectional | 48 (43 ± 5; 0%) | Self-report questionnaire | NR | EF-PAT index |
| Dettoni et al. (50), 2012 | Brazil | Cross-sectional | 13 (31 ± 2; 0%) | NR | Actigraphy | EF (dorsal hand vein technique) |
| Sauvet et al. (51), 2009 | France | Cross-sectional | 12 (29 ± 3; 0%) | Self-report | NR | EF (Iontophoresis of Acetylcholine & Na- nitroprusside) |
| Bonsen et al. (52), 2015 | Netherlands | Cross-sectional | 259 (42; 55%) | Self-report (SWEL) | NR | EF-Nailfold capillaroscopy |
| Weil et al. (53), 2010 | United States | Cross-sectional | 80 (56.6 ± 1.2; 39%) | Self-Report | NR | EF-Endothelin (ET)-1 levels |
| Weil et al. (54), 2011 | United States | Cross-sectional | 37 (58 ± 1.5; 41%) | Self-Report | NR | EF-Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) functions |
| Yoshioka et al. (55), 2011 | Japan | Cross-sectional | 4268 (48 ± 7; 20%) | Self-Report | NR | AS-baPWV |
| Sunbul et al. (56), 2014 | Turkey | Cross-sectional | 42 (30 ± 5; 57%) | Self-report questionnaire | NR | AS-baPWV |
| Tsai et al. (57), 2014 | Taiwan | Cross-sectional | 3, 508 (age 20 − 87, 40%) | Self-Report | NR | AS-baPWV |
| Osonoi et al, 2015 (68) | Japan | Cross-sectional | 724 (57.8 ± 8.6; 37.1%) | Self-Report (PSQI) | NR | AS-baPWV |
| Yamaki et al. 2015, | Japan | Cross-sectional | 101 (70.0 ± 10; 46.5%) | Self-Report (PSQI) | NR | AS-ABI |
Abbreviation: NR: Not – reported; SWEL: Sleep Wake Experience List questionnaire