Table 2b. Association of Subjective/ Self-reported and Objective Sleep Quality with Coronary Artery Calcium (CAC).
| First Author, Publication Year, Study Type | Sleep Measurement | Non-Invasive Subclinical CVD assessment tools. | Results | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subjective/Self-reported Sleep Quality | ||||
| King et al. (33), 2008 | Self-Report (PSQI) | CAC |
Logistic regression of incident CAC: (OR; 95%CI): PSQI Score (per SD = 2.9 points) (Adjd): 1.21 (0.88–1.65), p = 0.24 Epworth Score (per SD = 4.0 points) (Adjd): 1.26 (0.96, 1.66), p = 0.10 |
|
| Matthews et al. (31), 2011 | Self-Report (PSQI) | CAC | Self-reported sleep quality or efficiency did not differ by CAC groups (p > 0.15) | Apnea/Hypopnea Index was associated with increased CAC scores (p = 0.04). |
| Matthews et al. (32), 2013 | Self-Report (PSQI) | CAC | Poor sleep quality was not associated with odds of being in a higher coronary artery calcification (CAC) group. | Women only |
| Kim et al, 2015 (17) | Self-Report (PSQI) | CAC |
CAC Score by sleep quality: Adjb OR (95% CI): Good vs. Poor sleep quality: Men: 1.00 (Reference) vs. 1.10 (0.86–1.42) Women: 1.00 (Reference) vs. 2.46 (1.30–4.65); p ≤ 0.05 |
Poor subjective sleep quality was associated with CAC in women only in both crude and adjusted model. |
| Objective Sleep Quality | ||||
| King et al. (33), 2008 | Actigraphy | CAC |
Logistic regression of incident CAC: (OR; 95%CI) Fragmentation Index (per SD = 7.7 points)d: 1.07 (0.80, 1.42), p = 0.66 |
|
| Matthews et al. (31), 2011 | Actigraphy, Polysomnography | CAC | Sleep quality or efficiency measures did not differ by CAC groups (CAC = 0 vs CAC > 0); p > 0.05 | |
| Lutsey et al (34), 2015 | Polysomnography and actigraphy | CAC |
Sleep quality vs CAC ≥ 400: PR (95% CI) Arousal index—1.14 (1.02 to 1.27); p = 0.02 Arousal index—REM: 1.15 (1.02 to 1.29); p = 0.02 Arousal index—NREM: 1.14 (1.02 to 1.28); p = 0.03 Average sleep efficiency%—1.00 (0.89 to 1.13); p = 0.97 Average sleep WAS1O—1.03 (0.91 to 1.17); p = 0.62 |
|
d
Adjusted for race, sex, age, smoking, education, and apnea risk.
b
Adjusted for age, sex, study center, year of visit, education, marital status, depression, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, body mass index, fasting glucose, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, height, and heart rate.