Figure 1.
Embryonic development of cardiac fibroblasts. During embryonic development, cardiac fibroblasts derive from three different pools of progenitor cells. The majority of fibroblasts derive from the epicardium (~80%), whereas ~18% derive from the endocardium, and only a few derive from the neural crest. EMT, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; EPDCs, epicardial derived cells; EndoMT, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition.