Table 4.
Academic motivation least square mean scores (LSM) and standard errors (SE) by profile membership
| Profile membership LSM (SE)* |
Higher Burnout Lower QOL | Moderate Burnout Moderate QOL | Lower Burnout Higher QOL | P value** | Effect size –partial Eta squaredc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intrinsica | 3.25 (0.08) | 3.46 (0.06) | 3.57 (0.06) | 0.006 | 0.03 |
| Extrinsica | 2.90 (0.11) | 3.00 (0.08) | 2.82 (0.08) | 0.240 | 0.01 |
| Self-efficacyb | 3.27 (0.08) | 3.52 (0.05) | 3.64 (0.06) | 0.001 | 0.04 |
| Test anxietyb | 3.52 (0.12) | 2.86 (0.08) | 2.54 (0.08) | <0.0001 | 0.13 |
| Amotivationa | 1.64 (0.08) | 1.36 (0.05) | 1.18 (0.05) | <0.0001 | 0.07 |
*The reporting least square means (LSMs) are adjusted for gender and year level
** P values from MANCOVA
aMeasured by a modified version of the AMS; range of scores = 1 to 5
bMeasured by the MSLQ; range of scores = 1 to 5
cEffect sizes from partial Eta squared: Small = 0.01–0.06, Medium = 0.06–0.138, Large >0.138 [23]