Table 4. Demographic, clinical, and BP characteristics according to BP control pattern.
| Variables | Normal BP (n = 129) | Sustained HT (n = 115) | White-coat HT (n = 39) | Masked HT (n = 104) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 66 (51.2) | 75 (65.2) | 23 (59.0) | 62 (59.6) | 0.168 |
| Age, yr | 59 (20–75)†,‡ | 62 (31–75) | 67 (24–74) | 63 (21–75) | 0.022 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.1 ± 4.1 | 24.7 ± 3.5 | 25.5 ± 3.9 | 25.2 ± 3.7 | 0.703 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 29 (22.5)†,‡,§ | 58 (50.9)§ | 15 (38.5) | 39 (37.5) | < 0.001 |
| Current smoker | 18 (14.1) | 12 (10.4) | 2 (5.1) | 15 (14.4) | 0.781 |
| Alcohol | 42 (32.8) | 28 (24.3) | 6 (15.4) | 33 (31.7) | 0.112 |
| CCIS | 3 (0–10)†,‡,§ | 4 (0–13) | 5 (0–10) | 4 (0–12) | 0.003 |
| BUN, mg/dL | 20 (10–60)†,‡,§ | 25 (10–86) | 25 (4–60) | 26 (9–101) | < 0.001 |
| Cr, mg/dL | 1.27 (0.52–3.49)†,‡,§ | 1.68 (0.65–4.39) | 1.77 (0.65–4.15) | 1.83 (0.69–3.73) | < 0.001 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 53.4 (15.0–132.4)†,‡,§ | 38.4 (15.0–91.4) | 33.3 (15.1–95.3) | 36.3 (15.0–90.1) | < 0.001 |
| CKD G3b/4 | 43 (33.3)†,‡,§ | 69 (60.0)§ | 26 (66.7) | 75 (72.1) | < 0.001 |
| Ca, mg/dL | 9.1 (7.6–10.1) | 8.9 (7.6–9.9)*,§ | 9.1 (7.9–9.9) | 9.1 (7.2–10.2) | 0.006 |
| P, mg/dL | 3.5 (0.8–5.3) | 3.7 (2.1–5.4) | 3.7 (2.6–4.9) | 3.6 (2.3–8.9) | 0.058 |
| Ca × P, mg2/dL2 | 32.2 ± 5.4 | 33.0 ± 5.2 | 33.3 ± 4.4 | 33.3 ± 7.5 | 0.367 |
| iPTH, pg/mL | 35 (7–296)†,§ | 53 (12–243) | 54 (13–185) | 44 (5–286) | 0.002 |
| UPCR, mg/mg | 0.48 (0.04–14.73)†,§ | 0.74 (0.03–16.73) | 0.78 (0.03–9.00) | 0.99 (0.08–7.02) | 0.001 |
| Total-C, mg/dL | 168 ± 41 | 172 ± 41 | 156 ± 28 | 167 ± 50 | 0.173 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 51 (26–142)†,‡,§ | 47 (22–97) | 46 (27–87) | 46 (25–214) | 0.007 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 91 ± 30 | 100 ± 40 | 84 ± 26 | 94 ± 36 | 0.061 |
| TG, mg/dL | 125 (47–440) | 135 (56–1,180) | 156 (51–318) | 138 (30–817) | 0.312 |
| Hb, g/dL | 13.2 ± 1.8 | 12.7 ± 2.3 | 12.3 ± 1.7 | 12.7 ± 2.0 | 0.027 |
| Albumin, g/dL | 4.3 (2.3–4.8) | 4.1 (2.7–5.0)*,‡ | 4.3 (3.5–4.8) | 4.1 (2.9–4.9)*,‡ | 0.002 |
| No. of drugs | 2 (0–5) | 2 (0–5) | 2 (0–4) | 2 (0–7) | 0.162 |
| CCB | 77 (59.7) | 75 (65.2) | 24 (61.5) | 64 (61.5) | 0.847 |
| ACEi/ARB | 101 (78.3) | 85 (73.9) | 28 (71.8) | 80 (76.9) | 0.784 |
| β-blocker | 43 (33.3) | 40 (34.8) | 8 (20.5) | 32 (30.8) | 0.399 |
| Diuretics | 18 (14.0) | 34 (29.6)*,‡ | 5 (12.8) | 27 (26.0)* | 0.009 |
| Clinic SBP | 125 (90.0–139.5)†,‡,§ | 147 (117.0–207.0) | 146 (112.0–178.0) | 130 (100.0–139.5)‡ | < 0.001 |
| Clinic DBP | 75 (54–89.5)†,‡ | 86 (30–115)‡ | 80 (56–99) | 74 (53–89)†,‡ | < 0.001 |
| 24-hr SBP | 119 (94.0–129.5)‡ | 143 (113.0–207.0)*,‡,§ | 121 (105.0–129.0) | 135 (112.0–171.0)*,‡ | < 0.001 |
| 24-hr DBP | 73.4 ± 6.1 | 85.5 ± 10.9*,‡ | 70.4 ± 7.0 | 83.3 ± 9.1*,‡ | < 0.001 |
| Daytime SBP | 122 (9–142)‡ | 147 (111–213)*,‡,§ | 124 (108–135) | 137 (114–175)*,‡ | < 0.001 |
| Daytime DBP | 76.7 ± 7.9 | 88.0 ± 11.4*,‡ | 72.9 ± 7.4 | 85.0 ± 9.6*,‡ | < 0.001 |
| Nighttime SBP | 111 (87–133) | 134 (99–197) *,‡,§ | 113 (96–132) | 128 (101–174)*,‡ | < 0.001 |
| Nighttime DBP | 68.3 ± 8.2 | 79.2 ± 12.0*,‡ | 64.2 ± 8.1 | 77.9 ± 10.2*,‡ | < 0.001 |
Values for categorical variables are given as a number (%); Values for continuous variables are given as mean ± standard deviation or median (range).
ACEi = angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker, BMI = body mass index, BP = blood pressure, BUN = blood urea nitrogen, Ca = calcium, CCB = calcium channel blocker, CCIS = modified Charlson Comorbidity Index Score, CKD = chronic kidney disease, Cr = creatinine, DBP = diastolic blood pressure, eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate, Hb = hemoglobin, HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HT = hypertension iPTH, intact parathyroid hormone, LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, No. = number, P = phosphorus, SBP = systolic blood pressure, TG = triglyceride, Total-C = total cholesterol, UPCR = random urine protein/creatinine ratio.
*Significant with normal BP; †Significant with sustained HT; ‡Significant with white-coat HT; §Significant with masked HT.