Table 1.
Summary of the role and pathways of G-protein-coupled receptors in ovarian cancer.
| Receptor | Ligand | Function | Pathway | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor | Estradiol | Regulate metastasis, and proliferation | PI3K/AKT/MMP-9 | (24–27) |
| GnRHR1 | GnRH-I, GnRH-II | Antiproliferation | P38/c-Jun/MAPK, Bax/caspase9 | (37–39) |
| Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor | Follicle-stimulating hormone | Enhance proliferation, cell survival, metastasis | PI3K/AKT/HIF-1/cyclin-D1, ERK1/2MAPK | (47–50) |
| Luteinizing hormone receptor | Luteinizing hormone | Inhibits metastasis, suppress proliferation | cAMP/phosphotyrosine phosphatase/EGFR | (56, 58) |
| Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor | Thyrotropin | Predicate good outcome | Unknown | (61, 62) |
| Angiotensin II type 1 receptor | Angiotensin II | Enhance angiogenesis | eNOS/cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2)/HIF-1α/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) | (68, 70, 71) |
| Kisspeptin receptor | Kisspeptin | Inhibits proliferation and migration | Stromal cell-derived factor 1/CXCL12/CXCR4/AKT | (63, 67) |
| Endothelin receptor | Endothelin | Enhance angiogenesis and metastasis | PI3K/integrin-linked kinase/AKT, COX2/PE/HIF-1α/VEGF | (74–77) |