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Model organisms: tick-borne pathogens that constitute a growing burden for human and animal health. The pathogens covered in this review include bacteria (A. phagocytophilum and B. burgdorferi), viruses (Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus), and protozoa (Babesia spp.) transmitted by hard ticks (Ixodidae). The most prevalent diseases caused by these pathogens, main tick vectors, and disease distribution worldwide is shown in the figure.
