Table 1. Clinical characteristic of N-HP patients and HP patients.
| N-HP (n=139) | HP (n=140) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 57.17±6.14 | 58.72±7.29 | 0.056 |
| Male gender (n, %) | 49/139 (35.3%) | 58/140 (41.4%) | 0.289 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.16±3.43 | 25.18±3.48 | 0.000 |
| Smoker (n, %) | 32/139 (23.0%) | 45/140 (32.1%) | 0.088 |
| Manual labour (n, %) | 84/139 (60.4%) | 90/140 (64.3%) | 0.506 |
| Education (n, %) | 0.013 | ||
| Primary school and below (n, %) | 29/139 (20.9%) | 12/140 (8.6%) | |
| Middle school (n, %) | 44/139 (31.7%) | 46/140 (32.9%) | |
| High school (n, %) | 56/139 (40.3%) | 62/140 (44.3%) | |
| University and above (n, %) | 10/139 (7.2%) | 20/140 (14.3%) | |
| CAD (n, %) | 47/139 (33.8%) | 45/140 (32.1%) | 0.767 |
| DM (n, %) | 12/139 (8.6%) | 27/140 (19.3%) | 0.010 |
| Dyslipidemia (n, %) | 102/139 (73.4%) | 116/140 (82.9%) | 0.056 |
| Creatinine (μM) | 64.89±14.34 | 66.18±14.71 | 0.459 |
| CHOL (mM) | 4.89±0.94 | 4.75±1.07 | 0.235 |
| TG (mM) | 1.59±1.37 | 2.14±1.71 | 0.003 |
| LDL-c (mM) | 2.95±0.80 | 2.84±0.98 | 0.294 |
| HDL-c (mM) | 1.20±0.37 | 1.07±0.32 | 0.001 |
| HR before Ex (b.p.m.) | 79.68±11.58 | 80.91±12.21 | 0.386 |
| Peak HR (b.p.m.) | 141.73±6.95 | 140.46±7.17 | 0.134 |
| HR1 (b.p.m.) | 110.55±11.88 | 114.54±10.11 | 0.003 |
| HRR1 (b.p.m.) | 31.19±10.43 | 25.92±7.86 | 0.000 |
| HRR1 ⩽24 b.p.m. (n, %) | 41/139(29.5%) | 65/140 (46.4%) | 0.004 |
| HR2 (b.p.m.) | 91.63±12.41 | 96.19±13.32 | 0.003 |
| HRR2 (b.p.m.) | 50.09±11.88 | 44.27±11.49 | 0.000 |
| HRR2 ⩽42 b.p.m. (n, %) | 34/139 (24.5%) | 63/140 (45.0%) | 0.000 |
| HR3 (b.p.m.) | 86.81±11.05 | 90.25±12.57 | 0.016 |
| HRR3 (b.p.m.) | 54.91±11.10 | 50.21±11.20 | 0.000 |
| HR4 (b.p.m.) | 84.76±10.39 | 87.63±11.85 | 0.032 |
| HRR4 (b.p.m.) | 56.97±10.61 | 52.83±10.80 | 0.001 |
| HR5 (b.p.m.) | 83.72±10.22 | 86.38±11.97 | 0.047 |
| HRR5 (b.p.m.) | 58.01±10.59 | 54.08±10.80 | 0.002 |
| SBP before Ex (mm Hg) | 119.47±12.27 | 130.49±14.34 | 0.000 |
| DBP before Ex (mm Hg) | 75.43±8.19 | 80.76±8.93 | 0.000 |
| SBP peak (mm Hg) | 156.30±22.96 | 175.13±20.20 | 0.000 |
| DBP peak (mm Hg) | 73.50±11.23 | 80.20±11.33 | 0.009 |
| SBP at 1 min post Ex (mm Hg) | 134.66±18.06 | 150.11±21.39 | 0.000 |
| DBP at 1 min post Ex (mm Hg) | 75.42±7.75 | 79.39±10.09 | 0.016 |
| SBP at 5 min post Ex (mm Hg) | 124.65±17.84 | 138.26±16.77 | 0.000 |
| DBP at 5 min post Ex (mm Hg) | 76.25±7.57 | 80.94±9.50 | 0.000 |
| Time for Ex (minute) | 4.52±1.86 | 4.24±1.72 | 0.203 |
| Exercise tolerance (Mets) | 6.34±1.69 | 6.36±1.77 | 0.911 |
| Ejection fraction medication | 0.62±0.06 | 0.63±0.07 | 0.541 |
| Aspirin use (n, %) | 77/139 (55.4%) | 90/140 (64.2%) | 0.130 |
| Statin use (n, %) | 92/139 (66.2%) | 98/140 (70.0%) | 0.494 |
| Bata-blockers use (n, %) | 42/139 (30.2%) | 70/140 (50.0%) | 0.001 |
| ACEI use (n, %) | 6/139 (4.3%) | 39/140 (27.9%) | 0.000 |
| ARBs use (n, %) | 0/139 (0.0%) | 41/140 (29.3%) | 0.000 |
| CCB use (n, %) | 16/139 (11.5%) | 93/140 (66.4%) | 0.000 |
| Diuretics use (n, %) | 0/139 (0.0%) | 12/140 (8.6%) | 0.000 |
Abbreviations: ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs: angiotensin receptor blockers; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; CCB, Calcium Channel Blockers; CHOL, cholesterol; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DM, diabetes mellitus; Ex, treadmill exercise; HDL-c, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; HP, hypertensive; HR, heart rate; HRn, heart rate at n minute post exercise; HRR, heart rate recovery; HRRn, heart rate recovery at n minute post exercise; LDL-c, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; Mets, metabolic equivalents (1MET=3.5 ml kg−1 per minute of oxygen consumption); N-HP, normotensive; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TG, triglyceride; yr, year.