Table 3. Clinical characteristics of N-HP and HP patients with normal HRR1 and abnormal HRR1.
|
N-HP |
HP |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal HRR1 (n=98) | Reduced HRR1 (n=41) | Normal HRR1 (n=75) | Reduced HRR1 (n=65) | |
| Age (yr) | 56.82±5.95 | 58.02±6.56 | 58.51±7.30 | 58.97±7.33 |
| Male gender (n, %) | 28/98 (28.6%) | 21/41 (51.2%)* | 26/75 (34.7%) | 32/65 (49.2%) |
| BMI (kg m−2) | 22.78±3.63 | 24.07±2.71* | 24.94±3.50 | 25.46±3.48 |
| Smoker (n, %) | 18/98 (18.4%) | 14/41(31.4%)* | 19/75 (25.3%) | 26/65(31.4%) |
| Manual labour (n, %) | 56/98(57.1%) | 28/41 (51.2%) | 51/75 (68.0%) | 39/65 (60.0%) |
| Education (n, %) | ||||
| Primary school and below (n, %) | 23/98 (23.5%) | 6/41 (14.6%) | 7/75 (9.3%) | 5/65 (7.7%) |
| Middle school (n, %) | 30/98 (30.6%) | 14/41 (34.1%) | 27/75 (36.0%) | 19/65 (29.2%) |
| High school (n, %) | 40/98 (40.8%) | 16/41 (39.0%) | 31/75 (41.3%) | 31/65 (47.7%) |
| University and above (n, %) | 5/98 (5.1%) | 5/41 (12.2%) | 10/75 (13.3%) | 10/65 (15.4%) |
| CAD (n, %) | 30/98 (30.6%) | 17/41(41.5%) | 21/75 (28.0%) | 24/65 (40.0%) |
| DM (n, %) | 8/98 (8.2%) | 4/41(9.8%) | 11/75(14.7%) | 16/65 (24.6%) |
| Dyslipidemia (n, %) | 74/98 (75.5%) | 28/41(68.3%) | 62/75(82.6%) | 54/65 (83.1%) |
| Creatinine (μM) | 62.21±12.99 | 71.31±15.50* | 64.92±14.21 | 67.63±15.24 |
| CHOL (mM) | 5.03±0.92 | 4.56±0.89* | 4.89±1.10 | 4.59±1.01 |
| TG (mM) | 1.43±0.92 | 1.98±2.05 | 1.95±1.80 | 2.37±1.59† |
| LDL-c (mM) | 3.05±0.83 | 2.72±0.69 | 2.99±1.05 | 2.68±0.88† |
| HDL-c (mM) | 1.27±0.39 | 1.06±0.25* | 1.13±0.30 | 1.01±0.32† |
| HR before Ex (b.p.m.) | 78.05±11.51 | 83.56±10.93* | 77.51±10.49 | 84.85±12.94† |
| Peak HR (b.p.m.) | 141.93±6.74 | 141.24±7.51 | 141.03±6.94 | 139.80±7.42 |
| HR1 (b.p.m.) | 105.76±9.62 | 122.02±8.43* | 109.21±8.35 | 120.68±8.37† |
| HR2 (b.p.m.) | 87.83±10.94 | 100.73±11.00* | 91.51±11.48 | 101.58±13.33† |
| HRR2 (b.p.m.) | 54.10±10.63 | 40.51±8.95* | 49.52±9.71 | 38.22±10.40† |
| HRR2 ⩽42 b.p.m. (n, %) | 11/98 (11.2%) | 23/41 (56.1%)* | 16/75 (21.3%) | 47/65 (72.3%)† |
| HR3 (b.p.m.) | 83.52±10.04 | 94.68±9.33* | 85.65±10.72 | 95.55±12.54† |
| HRR3 (b.p.m.) | 58.41±10.07 | 46.56±8.83* | 55.37±9.72 | 44.25±9.80† |
| HR4 (b.p.m.) | 82.34±9.62 | 90.54±9.98* | 83.60±9.52 | 92.28±12.61† |
| HRR4 (b.p.m.) | 59.59±10.11 | 50.71±9.12* | 57.43±9.38 | 47.52±9.91† |
| HR5 (b.p.m.) | 81.38±9.76 | 89.32±9.17* | 82.40±10.17 | 90.97±12.31† |
| HRR5 (b.p.m.) | 60.55±10.51 | 51.93±8.07* | 58.63±9.53 | 48.83±9.79† |
| SBP before Ex (mm Hg) | 118.27±12.75 | 122.34±10.64 | 127.92±14.22 | 133.46±14.00† |
| DBP before Ex (mm Hg) | 74.74±8.49 | 77.07±7.26 | 80.03±9.02 | 81.62±8.82 |
| SBP peak (mm Hg) | 157.98±21.94 | 149.58±26.65 | 174.33±23.57 | 176.33±14.63 |
| DBP peak (mm Hg) | 73.81±11.13 | 72.25±12.05 | 81.00±21.25 | 79.00±10.19 |
| SBP at 1 min post Ex (mm Hg) | 132.91±17.65 | 140.85±18.88 | 148.06±23.58 | 152.42±18.74 |
| DBP at 1 min post Ex (mm Hg) | 74.96±7.96 | 77.08±6.99 | 80.00±10.79 | 81.18±8.39 |
| SBP at 5 min post Ex (mmHg) | 123.33±17.81 | 127.84±17.74 | 136.29±18.67 | 139.88±15.04 |
| DBP at 5 min post Ex (mm Hg) | 75.57±7.58 | 77.92±7.38 | 80.64±10.79 | 81.18±8.39 |
| Time for Ex (minute) | 4.40±1.74 | 4.79±2.11 | 4.29±1.71 | 4.20±1.74 |
| Exercise tolerance (Met) | 6.19±1.60 | 6.70±1.88 | 6.41±1.65 | 6.31±1.90 |
| Ejection fraction medication | 0.62±0.06 | 0.62±0.05 | 0.63±0.07 | 0.63±0.06 |
| Aspirin use (n, %) | 54/98 (55.1%) | 23/41 (56.1%) | 49/75 (65.3%) | 41/65 (63.1%) |
| Statin use (n, %) | 68/98 (69.4%) | 24/41 (58.5%) | 50/75 (66.7%) | 48/65 (73.8%) |
| Beta-blockers (n, %) | 29/98 (29.6%) | 13/41 (31.7%) | 36/75 (48.0%) | 34/65 (52.3%) |
| ACEI use (n, %) | 4/98 (4.1%) | 2/41 (4.9%) | 24/75 (32.0%) | 15/65 (23.1%) |
| ARBs use (n, %) | 0/98 (0.0%) | 0/41 (0%) | 20/75 (26.7%) | 21/65 (32.3%) |
| CCB use (n, %) | 10/98 (10.2%) | 6/41 (14.6%) | 47/75 (62.7%) | 46/65 (70.8%) |
| Diuretics use (n, %) | 0/98 (0.0%) | 0/41 (0%) | 4/75 (5.3%) | 8/65 (12.3%) |
Abbreviations: ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs: angiotensin receptor blockers; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; CCB, Calcium Channel Blockers; CHOL, cholesterol; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DM, diabetes mellitus; Ex, treadmill exercise; HDL-c, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; HP, hypertensive; HR, heart rate; HRn, heart rate at n minute post exercise; HRR, heart rate recovery; HRRn, heart rate recovery at n minute post exercise; LDL-c, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; Mets, metabolic equivalents (1MET=3.5 ml kg−1 per minute of oxygen consumption); N-HP, normotensive; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TG, triglyceride; yr, year.
*P<0.05 vs N-HP normal HRR; †P<0.05 vs HP normal HRR.