Table 5. Clinical characteristic of HP patients with and without beta-blockers.
| Without beta-blockers (n=70) | With beta-blockers (n=70) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 58.29±7.41 | 59.16±7.20 | 0.482 |
| Male gender (n, %) | 28/70 (40.0%) | 30/70 (42.9%) | 0.731 |
| BMI (kg m−2) | 25.85±3.25 | 24.51±3.61 | 0.022 |
| Smoker (n, %) | 21/70 (30.0%) | 24/70 (34.3%) | 0.587 |
| Manual labour (n, %) | 46/70 (65.7%) | 44/70 (62.9%) | 0.724 |
| Education (n, %) | 0.316 | ||
| Primary school and below (n, %) | 7/70 (10.0%) | 5/70 (7.1%) | |
| Middle school (n, %) | 18/70 (25.7%) | 28/70 (40.0%) | |
| High school (n, %) | 35/70 (50.0%) | 27/70 (38.6%) | |
| University and above (n, %) | 10/70 (14.3%) | 10/70 (14.3%) | |
| CAD (n, %) | 12/70 (18.6%) | 33/70 (47.1%) | 0.000 |
| DM (n, %) | 17/70 (24.3%) | 10/70 (14.3%) | 0.134 |
| Dyslipidemia (n, %) | 60/70 (85.7%) | 56/70 (80.0%) | 0.370 |
| Creatinine (μM) | 66.73±13.83 | 65.63±15.61 | 0.659 |
| CHOL (mM) | 4.78±0.94 | 4.71±1.19 | 0.706 |
| TG (mM) | 2.11±1.50 | 2.18±1.92 | 0.822 |
| LDL-c (mM) | 2.88±0.77 | 2.80±1.15 | 0.637 |
| HDL-c (mM) | 1.06±0.28 | 1.09±0.35 | 0.514 |
| HR before Ex (b.p.m.) | 81.41±11.92 | 80.41±12.57 | 0.630 |
| Peak HR (b.p.m.) | 140.91±6.84 | 140.00±7.50 | 0.452 |
| HR1(b.p.m.) | 114.59±9.68 | 114.49±10.59 | 0.954 |
| HRR1 (b.p.m.) | 26.33±7.06 | 25.51±8.62 | 0.542 |
| HRR1 ⩽24 b.p.m. (%) | 31/70 (44.3%) | 34/70 (48.6%) | 0.611 |
| HR2 (b.p.m.) | 97.06±12.49 | 95.31±14.14 | 0.441 |
| HRR2 (b.p.m.) | 43.86±11.11 | 44.69±11.92 | 0.671 |
| HRR2 ⩽42 b.p.m. (%) | 31/70 (44.3%) | 22/70 (31.4%) | 0.865 |
| HR3 (b.p.m.) | 90.73±12.35 | 89.77±12.86 | 0.654 |
| HRR3 (b.p.m.) | 50.19±11.18 | 50.23±11.31 | 0.982 |
| HR4 (b.p.m.) | 87.77±11.53 | 87.49±12.24 | 0.887 |
| HRR4 (b.p.m.) | 53.14±10.44 | 52.51±11.21 | 0.732 |
| HR5 (b.p.m.) | 85.99±11.43 | 86.77±12.55 | 0.699 |
| HRR5 (b.p.m.) | 54.93±10.51 | 53.23±11.08 | 0.353 |
| SBP before Ex (mm Hg) | 131.36±15.16 | 129.63±13.52 | 0.478 |
| DBP before Ex (mm Hg) | 81.37±8.93 | 80.16±8.95 | 0.423 |
| SBP peak (mm Hg) | 181.36±19.98 | 168.00±18.62 | 0.069 |
| DBP peak (mm Hg) | 82.06±11.75 | 78.07±10.86 | 0.345 |
| SBP at 1 min post Ex (mm Hg) | 154.71±22.54 | 144.90±19.05 | 0.062 |
| DBP at 1 min post Ex (mm Hg) | 80.17±9.80 | 78.52±10.50 | 0.510 |
| SBP at 5 min post Ex (mm Hg) | 136.20±27.88 | 134.58±24.35 | 0.736 |
| DBP at 5 min post Ex (mm Hg) | 81.50±15.95 | 78.08±14.14 | 0.433 |
| Time for Ex (minute) | 4.14±1.61 | 4.35±1.83 | 0.478 |
| Exercise tolerance (Mets) | 6.16±1.56 | 6.57±1.94 | 0.177 |
| Ejection fraction | 0.63±0.06 | 0.62±0.07 | 0.325 |
| Medication | |||
| Aspirin use (n, %) | 39/70 (55.7%) | 51/70 (72.9%) | 0.034 |
| Statin use (n, %) | 47/70 (67.1%) | 51/70 (72.9%) | 0.461 |
| ACEI use (n, %) | 20/70 (28.6%) | 19/70 (27.1%) | 0.850 |
| ARBs use (n, %) | 27/70 (38.6%) | 14/70 (20.0%) | 0.016 |
| CCB use (n, %) | 57/70 (81.4%) | 36/70 (51.4%) | 0.000 |
| Diuretics use (n, %) | 9/70 (12.9%) | 3/70 (4.3%) | 0.070 |
Abbreviations: ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARBs, angiotensin receptor blocker; BP, blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; CCB, calcium channel blocker; CHOL, cholesterol; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DM, diabetes mellitus; Ex, treadmill exercise; HDL-c, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; HP, hypertensive; HR, heart rate; HRn, heart rate at n minute post exercise; HRR, heart rate recovery; HRRn, heart rate recovery at n minute post exercise; LDL-c, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; Mets, metabolic equivalents (1MET=3.5 ml kg−1 per minute of oxygen consumption); SBP, systolic blood pressure; TG, triglyceride; yr, year.