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. 2016 Dec 22;31(5):305–312. doi: 10.1038/jhh.2016.78

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Ethnic differences, compared with Europeans, in arterial waveform parameters. Bar A covariates are age, sex, antihypertensive use, diabetes and cardiovascular disease, plus pulse rate for augmentation index. Bar B covariates are bar A covariates plus heavy alcohol consumption, smoking and BMI. Bar C covariates are bar B covariates plus mean arterial pressure, pulse rate, height and total:HDL cholesterol ratio. Grey and white bars represent significant and non-significant differences, respectively. Error bars represent the upper values of the 95% confidence intervals.