Table 1.

Parameter descriptions and values used in this study.

parameter	description	value	source
b	birth rate: number of new adult females per adult female	0.39 yr−1	[29]
d	death rate: 1/d = life expectancy of an adult	1/d ≈ 8 yr, d ≈ 0.125 yr−1	[29]: 1/d
dI	death rate infected salamanders: 1/dI = life expectancy of infected salamander	1/dI ≈ 7 days, dI = 52 yr−1	[11]: 1/dI
γ	strength of density dependence: related to carrying capacity K = (b − d)/γ	K = 25 females/hectare (ha); compared to densities in table 7.3 in [29], this density is at the lower end of estimated ones. Higher densities would lead to even worse model results	authors' estimate, based on [29]
β	transmission coefficient: 1/β = average time period before an infected salamander encounters another salamander, assuming successful infection given an encounter	1/β ≈ 1 week, β = 52 ha yr−1	authors' estimate
e	rate at which latents become infectious; 1/ e = average latent period	1/e ≈ 1 day, e = 364 yr−1	[11]: 1/e
Dj	diffusion coefficient of j = S, L or I; $D_j={⟨x^2⟩}_j/(4t)$; t is time in years and 〈 x2〉 is the mean square of the straight line that a salamander travels in a year	x ≈ 0.5 km yr−1	authors' estimate
μ	colonization rate	μ ≈ 1 yr−1	authors' estimate