Table 1. Subjects’ demographics and physiologic data.

	Total (N = 161)		C (N = 34)	NDR (N = 47)	NPDR (N = 45)	PDR (N = 35)	P-value
	N %	%	%	%	%	%
Sex							0.3a
Male	58	36	24	34	40	46
Female	103	64	76	66	60	54
Race							<0.001a
AA	74	46	12	62	51	51
White	48	30	77	21	16	14
Hispanic	39	24	12	17	33	34
Eye Examined							0.8a
Right	108	67	74	64	64	69
Left	53	33	27	36	36	31
Age (years)	57 ± 12		61 ± 11	55 ± 14	58 ± 10	53 ± 9	0.03b
MAP (mmHg)	91 ± 13		89 ± 10	92 ± 11	91 ± 13	94 ± 17	0.4b
Heart Rate (bpm)	75 ± 11		69 ± 9	73 ± 10	78 ± 12	78 ± 11	0.001b
Hematocrit (%)	41 ± 6		44 ± 5	42 ± 5	40 ± 5	37 ± 6	<0.001b
HbA1C (%)	7.4 ± 1.9		5.5 ± 0.5	7.4 ± 1.5	8.4 ± 1.7	8.2 ± 2	<0.001b
HbA1C (mmol/mol)	57 ± 21		37 ± 6	57 ± 16	68 ± 19	66 ± 22	<0.001b

AA, MAP and HbA1C are abbreviations for African American, mean arterial pressure and hemoglobin A1C, respectively. C, NDR, NPDR, and PDR are abbreviations for non-diabetic control, no clinically visible diabetic retinopathy, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy, respectively. Bold indicates statistical significance. The ± symbol refers to standard deviation (SD).

P-values derived by Chi square (^a) or ANOVA (^b).