Table 6. Comparison of conjunctival hemodynamic descriptors in venules between C and DR subjects in unadjusted (Model 1) and adjusted (Model 2) models.
| D (μm) | V (mm/s) | Q (pl/s) | WSR (s−1) | WSS (dyne /cm2) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | P | β | P | β | P | β | P | β | P | |
| Intercept | 20 | <0.001 | 0.59 | <0.001 | 173 | <0.001 | 183 | <0.001 | 4.8 | <0.001 |
| Model 1: DR Stage Effect* | ||||||||||
| C | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| NDR | 1.2 | 0.03 | −0.05 | 0.2 | 5 | 0.8 | −29 | 0.01 | −1.1 | 0.001 |
| NPDR | 1.4 | 0.02 | −0.01 | 0.7 | 25 | 0.1 | −19 | 0.1 | −0.9 | 0.008 |
| PDR | 0.4 | 0.52 | −0.06 | 0.1 | 4 | 0.8 | −29 | 0.02 | −1.2 | <0.001 |
| Intercept | 19 | <0.001 | 0.49 | 0.004 | 151 | 0.05 | 185 | 0.001 | 3.4 | 0.03 |
| Model 2: DR Stage Effect** | ||||||||||
| C | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| NDR | 1.4 | 0.03 | −0.06 | 0.2 | 7 | 0.7 | −33 | 0.01 | −1.1 | 0.004 |
| NPDR | 2.1 | 0.006 | −0.03 | 0.6 | 26 | 0.2 | −29 | 0.05 | −1.1 | 0.02 |
| PDR | 1.1 | 0.19 | −0.11 | 0.04 | −6 | 0.8 | −47 | 0.003 | −1.4 | 0.002 |
C, NDR, NPDR, and PDR are abbreviations for non-diabetic control, no clinically visible diabetic retinopathy, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy, respectively. D, V, Q, WSR, and WSS are abbreviations for diameter, axial blood velocity, blood flow, wall shear rate and wall shear stress, respectively. Bold indicates statistical significance.
*Unadjusted.
**Adjusted for age, race, sex, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, hematocrit, and hemoglobin A1C.